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MOD > Forensics Part 1 > Flashcards

Forensics Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Cause of death

A

condition, disease, injury that caused the mechanism of death

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2
Q

Define Mechanism of death

A

final pathophysiological event that results in death

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3
Q

Accurate death certification schema

A

Mechanism of Death due to Cause of Death = manner of death

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4
Q

What elements may encompass an opinion on the manner of death besides the autopsy?

A

scene where body was found/where person had died

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5
Q

Manners of death

A

Natural, accident, suicide, homicide, undetermined

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6
Q

Murder vs. homicide

A

homicide is the killing of one person by another (ex. MVC), while murder is the intentional, criminal killing of one person by another

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7
Q

Why does an accurate death certificate serve the public interest?

A

Medical Examiners do not work for families, but work for the public in order to determine the probability of foul play or some other crime–potentially something that may be solved or avoided in the future.

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8
Q

Rigor mortis

A

body/muscles are stiff, peaks at 24 hours

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9
Q

Algor mortis

A

cooling of body, takes a longer amount of time to establish than rigor mortis

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10
Q

Livor mortis

A

blood becomes fixed or pooled

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11
Q

Putrefactive decomposition

A

endogenous bacteria go throughout the body in order to reduce it to liquid/gas; occurs in temperate climates

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12
Q

Adipocere formation decomposition

A

occurs when a body is fully immersed in water, saponification of the skin

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13
Q

Mummification decomposition

A

occurs in dry, hot environments; body becomes wrinkled and is often well preserved

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14
Q

Status and training of medical examiners

A

Licensed physician and pathologist

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15
Q

Ability to determine time of death by a ME

A

not a very accurate way to determine this and is most often not exactly correct or precise

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16
Q

Coroner

A

elected position that does not require medical expertise, may be able to sign death certificate

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17
Q

Justice of Peace

A

elected or chosen, may be able to sign death certificates

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18
Q

Major misconceptions of forensics

A

Time of death cannot always be determined, testing takes a while and is not instantaneous, legal data bases are not a real thing

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19
Q

Role of medical examiner

A

assign a cause of death and a manner of death

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20
Q

Hospital autopsies are usually done to determine…

A

natural causes of death

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21
Q

Why are autopsy rates so low?

A

prevent legal cases and issues

22
Q

What type of death certificate may physicians legally sign?

A

natural

23
Q

What type of death certificates may MEs legally sign?

A

natural, accident, homicide, suicide, undetermined

24
Q

Function of criminology in medicolegal investigation

A

responsible for profiling, fingerprints, voiceprints, facial recognition, handwriting analysis, etc.

25
Q

Function of entomologist in medicolegal investigation

A

look at types of insects in body to locate wound sites, among other things

26
Q

Ionizing radiation use and long term effects

A

Diagnostic, therapeutic uses but can cause fibrosis, mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, and teratogenesis

27
Q

Most susceptible systems to radiation injury

A

hematopoietic and lymphoid systems

28
Q

Sites of Radiation Injury

A

1-2 Sv lymphocytes, 2-10 Sv Bone Marrow, 10-20 Sv small bowel, >50 Sv brain

29
Q

Types of wounds produced by blunt force

A

abrasion, contusion, laceration

30
Q

Wounding formula

A

W= E x 1/T x 1/A x K

31
Q

Definition of contusion

A

bruise that results from hemorrhage into soft tissue due to rupture of subcutaneous blood vessels by blunt force injury

32
Q

Extent and severity of a contusion depends on what factors?

A

amount of force, vascularity of tissue, type of tissue, location of tissue, easy bruisability

33
Q

Most significant bruise color

A

Yellow, presence indicates that bruise is 18 hours or holder

34
Q

Definition of abrasion

A

wound in which epidermis is injured, produced by scraping away epidermis or crushing of the epidermis by direct pressure or tangential blow, oozes serum or blood

35
Q

Types of abrasions

A

brush, patterned, impact

36
Q

Laceration

A

splitting or separation of the skin, not from incise, but blunt force

37
Q

Comorbid factors that may exacerbate wounding

A

coagulopathies, bleeding disorders, age, liver disease

38
Q

Stab wound

A

sharp force injury in which depth of wound is greater than length

39
Q

Energy formula/wounding potential of guns

A

KE = (1/2)m x V^2

Velocity is significantly more important

40
Q

Contact/close range wound

A

marginal abrasion; soot or power in wound

41
Q

Intermediate range wound

A

marginal abrasion, powder tattooing/stippling around wound

42
Q

Distant range wound

A

marginal abrasion, no powder tattooing/stippling, no soot/powder in depths of wound

43
Q

Skull entry wounds

A

sharply circumscribed and inner table is beveled

44
Q

Skull Exit wound GSW

A

not circumscribed, outer table beveled

45
Q

Can skull fractures be more accurately time stamped?

A

Yes, fractures from a blunt force or GSW do not ramify across previous fracture lines,

46
Q

Low velocity wounds

A

small entry, no exit

47
Q

High velocity wounds

A

relatively small entry, big exit

48
Q

Macro level surveillance of crime scene includes…

A

safeguarding, surveying, documenting, proper approach to specimen retrieval

49
Q

Micro level surveillance of crime scene includes…

A

biologic materials retrieval and transmittal vs. inorganic specimens/substances

50
Q

Organization of crime scene by ME

A

alphanumeric gridding

MOD (34 decks)

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