Protists

Question 1

General characteristics

Answer 1

Eukaryotic (but prokaryotic-like organelles)

Mostly unicellular

Question 2

Endosymbiosis

Answer 2

Unicellular organisms engulf other cells, with become organelles in the host cell

Question 3

Excavata

Answer 3

One of 5 supergroups
Non-functional mitochondria
Groove for feeding
Lack plastids
Anaerobic
Flagellated

Question 4

Diplomonads

Answer 4

Members of Excavata

Giardia: intestinal parasite

Question 5

Parabasalids

Answer 5

Members of Excavata

Trichomonas vaginalis: STD that infects vagina

Question 6

Euglenozoans

Answer 6

Members of Excavata

Crystalline rod in flagella

Question 7

Kinetoplasts

Answer 7

Members of Euglenozoa

Trypanosoma (Sleeping sickness): spread by Tsetse fly and infects nervous system

Question 8

Euglinids

Answer 8

Members of Euglnozoa
Flagella
Mixotroph
Phagocytic

Question 9

Chromalveolata

Answer 9

One of 5 supergroups

Engulfed a red algae

Question 10

Dinoflagellates

Answer 10

Members of Chromalveolata
2 flagella
Cellulose plates
Phytoplankton
Red tides
Bioluminescence

Question 11

Apicomplexans

Answer 11

Members of Chromalveolata
Animal parasites
Plasmodium (Malaria)

Question 12

Ciliates

Answer 12

Members of Chromalveolata
Use cilia to move and feed
Paramecium

Question 13

Macronuclei

Answer 13

Nuclei paramecium use for daily functions

Question 14

Micronuclei

Answer 14

Nuclei paramecium use for reproduction

Question 15

Diatoms

Answer 15

Members of Chromalveolata
Pigments: Chl a and c, caroteoids, fucoxanthin
Silica in cell wall
Phytoplankton

Question 16

Golden algae

Answer 16

Members of Chromalveolata
Mixotrophs
Phytoplankton

Question 17

Oomycetes

Answer 17

Members of Chromalveolata
Cells with cellulose
Once thought to be fungi

Question 18

Brown algae

Answer 18

Members of Chromalveolata
Seaweeds
Thallus: algae that is plantlike
Holdfast (adhere), Stipe (exchange materials- stem), blades (leaves), floats (suspend in water)
Chl a and c, carotenoids, fucoxanthin
Cell walls: cellulose
Alternation of generations

Question 19

Rhizaria

Answer 19

One of 5 supergroups
Amoebas with thread-like pseudopods
Heterotrophs

Question 20

Cercozoans

Answer 20

Members of Rhizaria
Amoeboid
Flagellated

Question 21

Forams

Answer 21

Members of Rhizaria

Have CaCO3 shells through which pseudopodia extend

Question 22

Radiolarians

Answer 22

Members of Rhizaria

Internal silica skeletons through which microtubules extend

Question 23

Archaeplastidia

Answer 23

One of 5 supergroups

Contain algae species

Question 24

Red algae

Answer 24

Members of Archaeplastidia

Phycoerythrin- give blackish/reddish color

Question 25

Chlorophytes (green algae)

Answer 25

Members of Archaeplastidia Chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids Starch Cell walls made of cellulose

Question 26

Unikonta

Answer 26

One of 5 supergroups Heterotrophs Decomposers Contain amoebas, fungi, and animals

Question 27

Plasmodial slime molds

Answer 27

Members of Unikonta Bright colors Form super cell (plasmodium)

Question 28

Cellular slime molds

Answer 28

Members of Unikonta Single cell Can aggregate when food is scarce Parasitic

Question 29

Gymamoebas

Answer 29

Members of Unikonta Heterotrophs Variety of environments

Question 30

Entamoebas

Answer 30

Members of Unikonta Parasites E. histolytica (dysentery)

Question 31

Desmids

Answer 31

Unicellular green algae Symmetrical Junction between 2 halves

Question 32

Chlamydomonas

Answer 32

Unicellular green algae | Move with flagella

Question 33

Chlamydomonas Sexual Lifecycle

Answer 33

Zoospores (haploid cells) have different mating strains (+ or -): isogametes Zoospore nuclei fuse (syngamy): sexual reproduction Zygote is resistant to environmental stressors Meiosis produces more zoospores

Question 34

Volvox

Answer 34

Colonial green algae | Individual cells connected to each other by cytoplasmic strands

Question 35

Spirogyra

Answer 35

Filamentous green algae Grow in end-to-end chains Photosynthetic: ribbon-like chloroplasts

Question 36

Spirogyra Sexual Lifecycle

Answer 36

Haploid vegetative cells have opposite mating strains Mating strains connect via conjugation tube Male gamete fuses with female gamete Resistant zygote forms Asexual reproduction: fragmentation

Question 37

Oedogonium

Answer 37

Filamentous green algae | Have distinctive male and female parts

Question 38

Oedogonium Sexual Lifecycle

Answer 38

Antheridium (male part) releases antherozoids Antherozoids travel to Oogonium (female part)-fuse with egg Oospore (diploid) undergoes meiosis to form zoospore (haploid) Zoospore forms into a filament Mitosis occurs by fragmentation