Protists Flashcards
General characteristics
Eukaryotic (but prokaryotic-like organelles)
Mostly unicellular
Endosymbiosis
Unicellular organisms engulf other cells, with become organelles in the host cell
Excavata
One of 5 supergroups Non-functional mitochondria Groove for feeding Lack plastids Anaerobic Flagellated
Diplomonads
Members of Excavata
Giardia: intestinal parasite
Parabasalids
Members of Excavata
Trichomonas vaginalis: STD that infects vagina
Euglenozoans
Members of Excavata
Crystalline rod in flagella
Kinetoplasts
Members of Euglenozoa
Trypanosoma (Sleeping sickness): spread by Tsetse fly and infects nervous system
Euglinids
Members of Euglnozoa
Flagella
Mixotroph
Phagocytic
Chromalveolata
One of 5 supergroups
Engulfed a red algae
Dinoflagellates
Members of Chromalveolata 2 flagella Cellulose plates Phytoplankton Red tides Bioluminescence
Apicomplexans
Members of Chromalveolata
Animal parasites
Plasmodium (Malaria)
Ciliates
Members of Chromalveolata
Use cilia to move and feed
Paramecium
Macronuclei
Nuclei paramecium use for daily functions
Micronuclei
Nuclei paramecium use for reproduction
Diatoms
Members of Chromalveolata
Pigments: Chl a and c, caroteoids, fucoxanthin
Silica in cell wall
Phytoplankton
Golden algae
Members of Chromalveolata
Mixotrophs
Phytoplankton
Oomycetes
Members of Chromalveolata
Cells with cellulose
Once thought to be fungi
Brown algae
Members of Chromalveolata Seaweeds Thallus: algae that is plantlike Holdfast (adhere), Stipe (exchange materials- stem), blades (leaves), floats (suspend in water) Chl a and c, carotenoids, fucoxanthin Cell walls: cellulose Alternation of generations
Rhizaria
One of 5 supergroups
Amoebas with thread-like pseudopods
Heterotrophs
Cercozoans
Members of Rhizaria
Amoeboid
Flagellated
Forams
Members of Rhizaria
Have CaCO3 shells through which pseudopodia extend
Radiolarians
Members of Rhizaria
Internal silica skeletons through which microtubules extend
Archaeplastidia
One of 5 supergroups
Contain algae species
Red algae
Members of Archaeplastidia
Phycoerythrin- give blackish/reddish color
Chlorophytes (green algae)
Members of Archaeplastidia
Chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids
Starch
Cell walls made of cellulose
Unikonta
One of 5 supergroups
Heterotrophs
Decomposers
Contain amoebas, fungi, and animals
Plasmodial slime molds
Members of Unikonta
Bright colors
Form super cell (plasmodium)
Cellular slime molds
Members of Unikonta
Single cell
Can aggregate when food is scarce
Parasitic
Gymamoebas
Members of Unikonta
Heterotrophs
Variety of environments
Entamoebas
Members of Unikonta
Parasites
E. histolytica (dysentery)
Desmids
Unicellular green algae
Symmetrical
Junction between 2 halves
Chlamydomonas
Unicellular green algae
Move with flagella
Chlamydomonas Sexual Lifecycle
Zoospores (haploid cells) have different mating strains (+ or -): isogametes
Zoospore nuclei fuse (syngamy): sexual reproduction
Zygote is resistant to environmental stressors
Meiosis produces more zoospores
Volvox
Colonial green algae
Individual cells connected to each other by cytoplasmic strands
Spirogyra
Filamentous green algae
Grow in end-to-end chains
Photosynthetic: ribbon-like chloroplasts
Spirogyra Sexual Lifecycle
Haploid vegetative cells have opposite mating strains
Mating strains connect via conjugation tube
Male gamete fuses with female gamete
Resistant zygote forms
Asexual reproduction: fragmentation
Oedogonium
Filamentous green algae
Have distinctive male and female parts
Oedogonium Sexual Lifecycle
Antheridium (male part) releases antherozoids
Antherozoids travel to Oogonium (female part)-fuse with egg
Oospore (diploid) undergoes meiosis to form zoospore (haploid)
Zoospore forms into a filament
Mitosis occurs by fragmentation
