Energy and Metabolism Flashcards

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1
Q

Metabolism

A

The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions

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2
Q

Bioenergetics

A

Study of how organisms manage energy resources

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3
Q

Catabolism

A

Breakdown of complex molecules into simpler compounds

Releases energy

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4
Q

Anabolism

A

Build complicated molecules from simpler ones

Consume energy

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5
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to cause change

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6
Q

Potential energy

A

Stored in matter

Includes chemical energy stored in molecular structures

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7
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy associated with motion

Using it decreases potential energy

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8
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

Energy can be transferred or transformed, but cannot be created or destroyed

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9
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics

A

Spontaneous changes that don’t require outside energy increase the entropy of the universe

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10
Q

Free energy

A

Living systems: energy that can do work under cellular conditions

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11
Q

Cell’s work

A

Mechanical
Transportation
Chemical

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12
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate
Cell’s energy shuttle
3 phosphate groups (potential energy stores), ribose, adenine
7.3 kcal/mol energy released in hydrolysis per molecule

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13
Q

Enzyme

A

Catalyst: speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

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14
Q

Cofactors

A

Non-protein molecules or ions that act as enzyme helpers

Can be bound to active site or bind loosely to substrate

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15
Q

Coenzymes

A

Organic molecules serving as cofactors (ex- vitamins)

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