Energy and Metabolism

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions

Question 2

Bioenergetics

Answer 2

Study of how organisms manage energy resources

Question 3

Catabolism

Answer 3

Breakdown of complex molecules into simpler compounds

Releases energy

Question 4

Anabolism

Answer 4

Build complicated molecules from simpler ones

Consume energy

Question 5

Energy

Answer 5

The capacity to cause change

Question 6

Potential energy

Answer 6

Stored in matter

Includes chemical energy stored in molecular structures

Question 7

Kinetic energy

Answer 7

Energy associated with motion

Using it decreases potential energy

Question 8

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 8

Energy can be transferred or transformed, but cannot be created or destroyed

Question 9

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 9

Spontaneous changes that don’t require outside energy increase the entropy of the universe

Question 10

Free energy

Answer 10

Living systems: energy that can do work under cellular conditions

Question 11

Cell’s work

Answer 11

Mechanical
Transportation
Chemical

Question 12

ATP

Answer 12

Adenosine triphosphate
Cell’s energy shuttle
3 phosphate groups (potential energy stores), ribose, adenine
7.3 kcal/mol energy released in hydrolysis per molecule

Question 13

Enzyme

Answer 13

Catalyst: speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

Question 14

Cofactors

Answer 14

Non-protein molecules or ions that act as enzyme helpers

Can be bound to active site or bind loosely to substrate

Question 15

Coenzymes

Answer 15

Organic molecules serving as cofactors (ex- vitamins)