Circulation Flashcards
Gastrovascular cavities
Digestion and distribution of substances throughout the body
Simple animals such as cnidarians
Circulatory system components
Circulatory fluid (blood) Tubes (blood vessels) Muscular pump (heart)
Open circulatory system
Insects, arthropods, most molluscs
Blood bathes organs directly
Valves keep hemolymph going in right direction
Advantage: all cells are directly exposed to hemolymph
Hemolymph
Exchange fluid in open circulatory system
Closed circulatory system
Blood is confined to vessels and is distinct from interstitial fluid
More efficient at transporting circulatory fluids to tissues and cells
Advantage: concentrate blood in specific areas- move particles more efficiently
Interstitial fluid
Completes exchange between blood and cells
Cardiovascular system
Vertebrate closed circulatory system
Blood vessels and 2-4 chambered heart
Arteries
Carry blood to capillaries away from heart
Veins
Return blood from capillaries to heart
Capillaries
Most direct contact with cells
Exchange of substances between blood and interstitial fluid
Double circulation
2 trips to heart before going to rest of body
Pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit (rest of body)
Ventricle
Pumps blood out of heart
Atrium
Pumps blood into heart
Fish circulatory system
2 chambered heart: 1 ventricle and 1 atrium
Single circulation
Ventricle -> artery -> gill capillaries -> systemic capillaries -> vein -> atrium
Amphibian circulatory system
3 chambered heart: 2 atria and 1 ventricle
Double circulation
Pulmocutaneous: breathe through skin
Ventricle pumps blood into forked artery- splits ventricle’s output into pulmocutaneous circuit (oxygen-poor blood) and systemic circuit (oxygen-rich blood)
Reptile circulatory system
Double circulation
Turtles, snakes, and lizards: 3 chambered heart
Extra vessel from ventricle: bypass lungs, allowing animal to swim for prolonged periods of time