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Bio 121 > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

6 CO2 + light + 6H20 -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H20

G= 686 kcal/mol

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2
Q

Mesophyll cell

A

Cell that contains chloroplasts; site of photosynthesis

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3
Q

Stroma

A

Fluid inside mesophyll cell; site of Calvin cycle

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4
Q

Thylakoid

A

Stacked chlorophyll-containing sacs inside of mesophyll cell
Thylakoid membrane: site of light reactions
Thylakoid space: site of proton gradient

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5
Q

Stomata

A

Pores in leaf through which CO2 enters and O2 leaves

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6
Q

Granum

A

Stack of thylakoids

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7
Q

Light absorption by pigment

A

Light stays in that state for a short amount of time, then dissipates
Dissipation- some energy is lost as heat
After absorption: fluorescence, heat, or resonance transfer

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8
Q

Fluorescence

A

Emitting a photon lower in energy than what was absorbed

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9
Q

Structure of chlorophyll

A

Porphyrin ring: absorbs photons

Hydrocarbon tail: anchored to thylakoid membrane

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10
Q

Absorption spectra

A

Light waves that are absorbed

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11
Q

Action spectrum

A

Light waves that are used for photosynthesis

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12
Q

Endosymbiotic theory

A

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are of prokaryotic origin

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13
Q

Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own…

A

DNA, DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, Ribosomes, Ribosomal RNA

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14
Q

Non-cyclic electron transport (light cycle)

A

H20 split to form 2 electrons -> 2 photons of light excite electrons in photosystem II -> electrons are transferred from P680 to primary acceptor -> plastiquinone -> cytochrome complex, pumping through membrane H+ needed to make ATP -> plastocyanin -> 2 photons of light excite electrons in photosystem I -> electrons are transferred from P700 to primary acceptor -> ferredoxin -> NADP+ reductase reduces NADP+ to NADH

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15
Q

Cyclic electron flow

A

Electrons in PS I -> primary acceptor -> ferredoxin -> cytochrome complex (creates ATP) -> plastocyanin -> PS I
Used when NADP+ is low (plant has been doing lots of photosynthesis)
2 H+ instead of 4 from cytochrome complex: less efficient than non-cyclic transport

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16
Q

Amounts of products produced in light reaction

A 
1.5 H+/ photon
4 H+/ ATP
4 photon/ NADPH
Per light reaction: 4 photons, 2 electrons, 6 protons
3 ATP created (2 light cycles)
17
Q

Calvin cycle

A

Phase 1 (carbon fixation): Rubisco turns 3 CO2 into 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG)
Phase 2 (reduction): 3PG + 6 ATP -> 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
1,3-BPG + 6 NADPH -reduction> glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)
Phase 3 (regeneration): G3P + 3 ATP -> ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
Per cycle: 9 ATP and 6 NADH consumed

18
Q

Primitive bacteria

A

Developed first ATP-driven proton pump

19
Q

Photorespiration

A

Rubisco adds O2 when CO2 is scarce (much more O2 than CO2 in atmosphere)
Occurs under light conditions
Doesn’t make ATP
C3 plants: 1 in 3 times, rubisco fixes O2 instead of CO2
Decreases photosynthesis
Releases CO2
Increases when stomata close (conserve H2O) and temperatures increase

20
Q

C4 plants

A

1st stable compound in pathway has 4 carbons
Mesophyll cells, bundle-sheath cells (storage of CO2- impermeable, so it can’t escape), vascular tissue
Spatial separation in pathway

21
Q

C4 photosynthetic pathway

A

Mesophyll cell: PEP carboxylase -> oxaloacetate -> malate -> pyruvate -> PEP (ATP used to make)
Bundle sheath cell: malate -> CO2 -> Calvin cycle -> sugar transported to vascular tissue
1 extra ATP is used per fixed CO2- as a result, plants use more cyclic electron flow to create more ATP

22
Q

CAM plants

A

Desert plants
Stomata open at night
Temporal separation in pathway
2 mesophyll cells

23
Q

CAM photosynthetic pathway

A

Night: PEP carboxylase fixes CO2- creates organic acids
Day: CO2 is used to fuel Calvin cycle and make sugar

24
Q

Photosynthetic rates of plants

A

C4 > C3&raquo_space; CAM

C4 = 2*C3

25
Q

Antenna complex

A

Part of thylakoid membrane that contains the most chlorophyll
Photon of light is transferred from chlorophyll molecule to chlorophyll molecule and eventually to reaction center

26
Q

Reaction center

A

Center of photosystem that contains the special pair of chlorophyll molecules (P680 and P700)
Electrons are transferred from here to primary acceptor

Bio 121 (25 decks)

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