Bio 121 Lab Exam 1 Flashcards
Unicellular Green Algae
Desmids Micrasterias Chlamydomonas Volvox Spirogyra Oedogonium
Chlamydomonas
Unicellular green algae
Move with flagella
Chlamydomonas Sexual Lifecycle
Zoospores (haploid cells) have different mating strains (+ or -): isogametes
Zoospore nuclei fuse (syngamy): sexual reproduction
Zygote is resistant to environmental stressors
Meiosis produces more zoospores
Volvox
Colonial green algae
Individual cells connected to each other by cytoplasmic strands
Spirogyra
Filamentous green algae
Grow in end-to-end chains
Photosynthetic: ribbon-like chloroplasts
Spirogyra Sexual Lifecycle
Haploid vegetative cells have opposite mating strains
Mating strains connect via conjugation tube
Male gamete fuses with female gamete
Resistant zygote forms
Asexual reproduction: fragmentation
Oedogonium
Filamentous green algae
Have distinctive male and female parts
Oedogonium Sexual Lifecycle
Antheridium (male part) releases antherozoids
Antherozoids travel to Oogonium (female part)-fuse with egg
Oospore (diploid) undergoes meiosis to form zoospore (haploid)
Zoospore forms into a filament
Mitosis occurs by fragmentation
Brown Algae
Phaeophyta
Red Algae
Rhodophyta
Hepatophyta
Bryophyte member
Liverworts (Marchantia)
Nonvascular
Liverwort Sexual Lifecycle
Sperm is released from antheridium- travels to archegonium
Sporophyte (diploid) develops in archegonium
Sporophyte produces thallus (long thick sheet- haploid)
Gemma cups on thallus disperse spores (asexual reproduction)
Pterophyta
Seedless vascular Ferns Equisetum (common fern) Asplenium Matteuccia (observed in lab)
Fern Sexual Lifecycle
Sporangium produce spores (haploid)
Spores develop into gametophytes
Underside of gametophyte contains archegonium and antheridium
Sperm is released from antheridium and travels to archegonium
Fertilization of egg produces zygote
Zygote develops into sporophyte (leaf)
Sporangium are located on underside of leaf
Prothallium
Fern gametophyte
Bryophyta
Non-vascular
True moss
Sphagnum
Lycophyta
Seedless vascular
Lycopodium (club moss)
Selaginella (resurrection plant)
Ginkgophyta
Vascular seeded
Ginkgo
Cycadophyta
Vascular seeded
Zamia
Gnetophyta
Vascular seeded
Welwitchia
Coniferophyta
Vascular seeded
Pinus
Nematodes
Ascaris Lumbricoides
Phylum Nematoda
Chiton
Phylum Mollusca
Class Polyplacophora
Jellyfish
Physalia
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Scyphozoa
Spider (Black Widow)
Latrodectus mactans
Phyla Arthropoda
Subphyla Cheliceriformes
Polychaetae (Sand worm)
Nereis virens
Phylum Annelida
Sponge
Neoesperiopsis (sponge with finger-like projections; orange)
Callyspongia (similar to above, but pink and larger pores)
Phylum Porifera
Snail
Achantia
Phylum Molusca
Class Gastropoda
Starfish
Asterias forbesii
Phylum Echinodermata
Class Asteroides
Fruit fly
Drosophila melanogaster
Phylum Artrhopoda
Class Hexapoda
Leech
Hirudo
Phylum Annelida
Class Oligochaeta
Turtle
Testudines
Phylum Chordata
Superclass Tetrapoda
Class Reptilia
Anemone
Metridium marginatum
Phylum Cnidaria
Class Anthozoa
Urchin
Arabacia punctulata
Phylum Echinodermata
Class Echinoidea
Flukes
Flat worms
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Class Trematoda
Octopus
Phylum Molusca
Class Cephalopoda
Lobster
Cambarus
Phylum Arthropoda
Class Crustacea
Roundworm
Caenorhabditis elegans
Phylum Nematoda
Tape worm
Moniezia
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Class Cestoda
Bird (American Kestrel)
Falco sparverius
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Clitellum
Asymmetrical part of worm
Secretes cocoon for fertilized eggs
Prostonium
Nose of worm
Seta
Bristles of worm
Seminal vesicle
Male reproductive part of worm
Seminal receptacle
Female reproductive part of worm
Crop
Food storage; first part of digestive system of worm and grasshopper
Typhlosole
Dorsal, inward fold of intestine of worm
Cuticle
Outer covering of worm
Nephridium
Excretory organ of worm
Caeca
Clasp crop and stomach of grasshopper
Malpighian tubules
Clasp intestines of grasshopper
Ovipositor
Digging back organ of female grasshopper- used for laying eggs
Ocelli
Simple eyes of grasshopper
Located below antennae
Labrum
Top covering of mouth of grasshopper
Mandible
Chewing organ of grasshopper
Located on sides of head
Maxilla
Part of grasshopper mouth
Outer part: sensory
Inner part: food handling
Labium
Bottom covering of mouth of grasshopper
Tympanum
Eardrum of grasshopper
Located on side of body
Spiracles
Respiratory system of grasshopper
Small holes along abdomen
Digestive system comparison
Worm: coelom; typhlosole, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, intestine
Grasshopper: coelom; esophagus, crop, stomach, gastric caeca, intestine, rectum
Nervous system comparison
Worm: ventral nerve cord
Grasshopper: ventral nerve cord and ganglia
Reproductive system comparison
Worm: seminal receptacles, seminal vesicles, clitellum
Grasshopper: ovipositors
Circulatory system comparison
Worm: ventral and dorsal vessels; closed; 5 “hearts”
Grasshopper: open; 1 heart
Excretory system comparison
Worm: nephridia
Grasshopper: malpighian tubules
Sensory system comparison
Worm: few sensory organs
Grasshopper: tympanum, eyes, antennae
Respiratory system comparison
Worm: tiny blood vessels
Grasshopper: spriacles, tracheal tubes
Structure comparison
Worm: hydrostatic
Grasshopper: exoskeleton
Symmetry comparison
Worm and Grasshopper: bilateral
Muscle comparison
Worm: circular and longitudinal
Grasshopper: complex, attached to exoskeleton
Sexes
Worm: hermaphroditic
Grasshopper: separate