Bacteria and Archaea Flashcards

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1
Q

Prokaryote Characteristics

A
Unicellular
Lack nuclear envelope
Lack membrane enclosed organelles
Have cell wall (peptidoglycan- bacteria only)
Circular chromosome
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2
Q

Photoautotroph

A

Uses sunlight as energy source to reduce CO2 to sugar

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3
Q

Chemoautotroph

A

Uses inorganic chemicals as energy source to reduce CO2 to sugar

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4
Q

Photoheterotroph

A

Uses light as energy source, but can only consume reduced organic compounds

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5
Q

Chemoheterotroph

A

Uses reduced organic compounds as energy source

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6
Q

Gram positive bacteria

A

Simple cell wall: peptidoglycan traps crystal violet stain

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7
Q

Gram negative bacteria

A

More complex cell wall (outer membrane before peptidoglycan layer): harder to kill, does not retain crystal violet stain

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8
Q

Alpha proteobacteria

A

Rhizobium: fixes nitrogen in roots

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9
Q

Beta proteobacteria

A

Nitrosomonas: oxidizes NH4 to NO2

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10
Q

Gamma proteobacteria

A

Disease causing bacteria such as Salmonella

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11
Q

Delta proteobacteria

A

Myxobacteria: creates fruiting bodies when food is scarce

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12
Q

Epsilon proteobacteria

A

H. pylori: causes stomach ulcers

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13
Q

Chlymidias

A

Bacteria that cause blindness or STDs

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14
Q

Spirochetes

A

Helical bacteria: syhpilis and Lyme disease

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15
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

Photosynthetic bacteria, components of phytoplankton

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16
Q

Gram-positive bacteria (phyla)

A

Actinomycetes: soil, but also TB and leprosy
Streptomyces (anthrax, botulism)
staph, strep, mycoplasmas (no cell wall)

17
Q

Endotoxins

A

Created inside bacteria and released

18
Q

Exotoxins

A

Bacteria have a toxic coating

19
Q

Archaea

A

Extremophiles: can live in places where bacteria cannot (thermal vents, etc.)