Bacteria and Archaea Flashcards
Prokaryote Characteristics
Unicellular Lack nuclear envelope Lack membrane enclosed organelles Have cell wall (peptidoglycan- bacteria only) Circular chromosome
Photoautotroph
Uses sunlight as energy source to reduce CO2 to sugar
Chemoautotroph
Uses inorganic chemicals as energy source to reduce CO2 to sugar
Photoheterotroph
Uses light as energy source, but can only consume reduced organic compounds
Chemoheterotroph
Uses reduced organic compounds as energy source
Gram positive bacteria
Simple cell wall: peptidoglycan traps crystal violet stain
Gram negative bacteria
More complex cell wall (outer membrane before peptidoglycan layer): harder to kill, does not retain crystal violet stain
Alpha proteobacteria
Rhizobium: fixes nitrogen in roots
Beta proteobacteria
Nitrosomonas: oxidizes NH4 to NO2
Gamma proteobacteria
Disease causing bacteria such as Salmonella
Delta proteobacteria
Myxobacteria: creates fruiting bodies when food is scarce
Epsilon proteobacteria
H. pylori: causes stomach ulcers
Chlymidias
Bacteria that cause blindness or STDs
Spirochetes
Helical bacteria: syhpilis and Lyme disease
Cyanobacteria
Photosynthetic bacteria, components of phytoplankton