Protist Organisms: Lecture 13 Flashcards
1
Q
protist groups
A
- alveolata
- stramenopiles
- rhizarians
- excavates
- amoebozoans
- choanoflagellates
2
Q
alveolata
A
- diverse group identified by the presence of alveoli
types: dinoflagellates, apicomplexa, ciliates
3
Q
dinoflagellates
A
- photosynthetic, unicellular, marine, bioluminescent
- has two flagella within two grooves of their surfaces
- shell is extracellular material
- they live in corals and help with their photosynthetic properties
- causes red tides (toxins)
- types: gymnopodium
4
Q
apicomplexans
A
- parasites with apical complexes
- allows them to invade their host
types: plasmodium falciparum
5
Q
plasmodium falciparum
A
-causes malaria
6
Q
ciliates
A
- unicellular & large
- move with cilia
- heterotrophic
- monophyletic group
7
Q
stramenopiles
A
- fine hairs that grow on the longer of 2 flagella on members of this group
- types: diatoms, brown algae, oomycetes
8
Q
diatoms
A
- unicellular, photosynthetic
- excrete double silica shells
- use both asexual (binary fission) and sexual reproduction
- only male gametes have flagella
- found in all oceans
9
Q
brown algae
A
- large and multicellular
- photosynthetic due to secondary endosymbiosis with a red algae
- ex: giant kelp give food and shelter to sea otters
10
Q
oomycetes
A
- not molds
- use external digestion
- many are harmless decomposers
- can’t move, filamentous
- ex: white rust=plant pathogen
11
Q
rhizarians
A
- unicellular, aquatic
- has thin and rigid pseudopodia
types: foraminiferans
12
Q
foraminiferans
A
- unicellular, marine
- shells made of organic material studded w/ inorganic material which makes them fossilize easily
- organism inside shell
13
Q
excavates
A
- diverse
- types: diplomonads, parabasalids, euglenids
14
Q
diplomonads and parabasalids
A
-both unicellular and don’t have mitochondria (believed the loss of mitochondria is a derived trait)
diplomonad types: giardia intestinalis
15
Q
giardia intestinalis
A
- diplomonad
- gives you diarrhea
- found in natural sources of water
16
Q
euglenids
A
- unicellular, have mitochondria and a derived type of flagella
- use binary fission
- can be heterotrophs or autotrophs
- arose via secondary endosymbiosis with green algae
- if kept out of sun, can become heterotrophic and redevelop photosynthetic behavior when returned to sun
17
Q
amoebozoans
A
- use lobed-shape pseudopodia
- -> used both for eating and locomotion (using cytoplasmic streaming)
- types: amoebas, slime molds
18
Q
cytoplasmic streaming
A
- flowing extension of cytoplasm that extends forwards to pull the amoeba forward
- can extend over nearby food particles and engulf that food source via phagocytosis
- controlled by filaments of actin and myosin
19
Q
plasmodial and cellular slime molds
A
- multicellular
- exist asexually as long as there’s enough food
- -> if not enough, can become reproductive or resting
types: plasmodial, cellular
- -> if not enough, can become reproductive or resting
20
Q
plasmodial slime molds
A
-huge, single cell multinucleate oozing masses
21
Q
cellular slime mold
A
- individual cells in a big colony (early form of multicellularity)
- can combine and differentiate
22
Q
choanoflagellates
A
- likely the ancestor of entire animal lineage
- resemble modern sponges
