Lab 5 & 6

Question 1

flowers

Answer 1

• the reproductive structures of the angiosperms

- have predictable parts with well-defined functions

Question 2

sessile

Answer 2

• cannot move

- (plants not being able to move)

Question 3

pedicel

Answer 3

-the stem portion of an individual flower

Question 4

receptacle

Answer 4

• the point where the pedicel becomes the flower

- situated below up to four rings of flower parts of one type

Question 5

sepals

Answer 5

• the outermost whorl of a flower
• may be free or fused into one structure
• when flower is in bud, it encloses the more delicate flower parts within to protect them

Question 6

petals

Answer 6

• secod whorl of a flower

- may be free or fused into one structure

Question 7

stamens

Answer 7

• one member of the whorl of male sex parts

- pollen producing portion of the flower

Question 8

carpels

Answer 8

• one member of the innermost whorl
• female part
• composed of an ovary connected to a stigma by a style

Question 9

difference btwn sepals vs. petals

Answer 9

• sepals arise below petals and are often green and thick

- petals are thinner and brightly colored to attract pollinators

Question 10

tepals

Answer 10

• when sepals and petals are very similar in appearance

- used to indicate the lack of difference

Question 11

anther

Answer 11

-pollen producing part of the stamen

Question 12

parts of a carpel

Answer 12

• ovary
• style
• stigma

Question 13

filament

Answer 13

-a stalk-like structure holding the anther aobve the base of the flower

Question 14

parts of a stamen

Answer 14

• filaent

- anther

Question 15

style

Answer 15

• pollen tubes go through this to fertilize the ovules

- stalk-like structure for receiving the pollen

Question 16

stigma

Answer 16

• place where pollen lands
• cells will induce the pollen to germinate and grow pollen tube into the style
• produces sticky secretions

Question 17

ovary

Answer 17

-structure that houses the ovules in which the egg is produced and upon fertilization, houses the developing seed

Question 18

hermaphroditic

Answer 18

-having male and female flowers on the same plant

Question 19

monoecious

Answer 19

-having individual male and female parts on the same plant

Question 20

dioecious

Answer 20

-having only male or female flowers on a given individual

Question 21

ancestral lineages

Answer 21

• aka basal lineages

- traits associated with the oldest flower lineages

Question 22

derived lineages

Answer 22

-traits associated with evolving flower lineages

Question 23

cotyledon

Answer 23

• the seed leaf

- first structure to emerge from the germinating seed

Question 24

cotyledon

Answer 24

• the seed leaf

- first structure to emerge from the germinating seed

Question 25

symplsiomorphies

Answer 25

-traits that multiple species have inherited froma. shared ancestor

Question 26

pleisomorphy

Answer 26

-the most basal species individual has a trait, but none of the other species on the tree share that trait

Question 27

amorphy

Answer 27

-when a new trait appears (derived) in a single species

Question 28

synamorphy

Answer 28

-when multiple species share a derived trait through a common ancestor

Question 29

taxonomy

Answer 29

-what organisms are called

Question 30

systematics

Answer 30

-how organisms are related and named

Question 31

monophyletic groups

Answer 31

• natural taxonomic groups

- group of organisms, including the MRCA of those organisms and all descendants of that ancestral organism

Question 32

taxon

Answer 32

-one taxonomic group

Question 33

taxa

Answer 33

-when you refer to several taxonomic gropus together

Question 34

most recent common ancestor

Answer 34

• aka MRCA

- the closest organism from which all members of the gropu are directly descended

Question 35

paraphyletic

Answer 35

• comprised of a group of organisms, including the MRCA of those organisms, where the gropu does not contain all the descendants of that ancestral organism
• occur when more derived species are excluded from the group bc they’re so different from the more basal species

Question 36

polyphyletic

Answer 36

• collecions of organisms that do not include the MRCA of the group of organisms
• often created due to an incorrect understanding of evolutionary relationships

Question 37

abominable mystery

Answer 37

-Darwin’s question of:

how did the flowering plant arise, diversify, and spread so quickly?

Question 38

is a lily hermaphroditic, monoecious, or dioecious?

Answer 38

-hermphroditic

Question 39

dehiscing

Answer 39

• means the anthers are releasing their pollen

- no longer straight but leveled looking

Question 40

what is the symmetry of an iris?

Answer 40

-radially symmetric

Question 41

what is unique about an iris?

Answer 41

• cannot see their stamens or carpels

- have an inferior ovary

Question 42

what group does an iris belong to?

Answer 42

-monocots

Question 43

how does delphinium gets its name?

Answer 43

-resembles a dolphin’s nose

Question 44

what is the symmetry of a delphinium?

Answer 44

-bilaterally symmetric

Question 45

what group does a delphinium belong to?

Answer 45

-eudicots

Question 46

what is the symmetry of a snapdragon?

Answer 46

-bilaterally symmetric

Question 47

what is unique about a snapdragon?

Answer 47

• slanted receptacle

- five fused petals

Question 48

what group does a snapdragon belong to?

Answer 48

-dicot

Question 49

polytomy

Answer 49

-when there’s three or more branches in a phylogenetic tree