Lab 5 & 6 Flashcards
flowers
- the reproductive structures of the angiosperms
- have predictable parts with well-defined functions
sessile
- cannot move
- (plants not being able to move)
pedicel
-the stem portion of an individual flower
receptacle
- the point where the pedicel becomes the flower
- situated below up to four rings of flower parts of one type
sepals
- the outermost whorl of a flower
- may be free or fused into one structure
- when flower is in bud, it encloses the more delicate flower parts within to protect them
petals
- secod whorl of a flower
- may be free or fused into one structure
stamens
- one member of the whorl of male sex parts
- pollen producing portion of the flower
carpels
- one member of the innermost whorl
- female part
- composed of an ovary connected to a stigma by a style
difference btwn sepals vs. petals
- sepals arise below petals and are often green and thick
- petals are thinner and brightly colored to attract pollinators
tepals
- when sepals and petals are very similar in appearance
- used to indicate the lack of difference
anther
-pollen producing part of the stamen
parts of a carpel
- ovary
- style
- stigma
filament
-a stalk-like structure holding the anther aobve the base of the flower
parts of a stamen
- filaent
- anther
style
- pollen tubes go through this to fertilize the ovules
- stalk-like structure for receiving the pollen
stigma
- place where pollen lands
- cells will induce the pollen to germinate and grow pollen tube into the style
- produces sticky secretions
ovary
-structure that houses the ovules in which the egg is produced and upon fertilization, houses the developing seed
hermaphroditic
-having male and female flowers on the same plant
monoecious
-having individual male and female parts on the same plant
dioecious
-having only male or female flowers on a given individual
ancestral lineages
- aka basal lineages
- traits associated with the oldest flower lineages
derived lineages
-traits associated with evolving flower lineages
cotyledon
- the seed leaf
- first structure to emerge from the germinating seed
cotyledon
- the seed leaf
- first structure to emerge from the germinating seed
symplsiomorphies
-traits that multiple species have inherited froma. shared ancestor
pleisomorphy
-the most basal species individual has a trait, but none of the other species on the tree share that trait
amorphy
-when a new trait appears (derived) in a single species
synamorphy
-when multiple species share a derived trait through a common ancestor
taxonomy
-what organisms are called
systematics
-how organisms are related and named
monophyletic groups
- natural taxonomic groups
- group of organisms, including the MRCA of those organisms and all descendants of that ancestral organism
taxon
-one taxonomic group
taxa
-when you refer to several taxonomic gropus together
most recent common ancestor
- aka MRCA
- the closest organism from which all members of the gropu are directly descended
paraphyletic
- comprised of a group of organisms, including the MRCA of those organisms, where the gropu does not contain all the descendants of that ancestral organism
- occur when more derived species are excluded from the group bc they’re so different from the more basal species
polyphyletic
- collecions of organisms that do not include the MRCA of the group of organisms
- often created due to an incorrect understanding of evolutionary relationships
abominable mystery
-Darwin’s question of:
how did the flowering plant arise, diversify, and spread so quickly?
is a lily hermaphroditic, monoecious, or dioecious?
-hermphroditic
dehiscing
- means the anthers are releasing their pollen
- no longer straight but leveled looking
what is the symmetry of an iris?
-radially symmetric
what is unique about an iris?
- cannot see their stamens or carpels
- have an inferior ovary
what group does an iris belong to?
-monocots
how does delphinium gets its name?
-resembles a dolphin’s nose
what is the symmetry of a delphinium?
-bilaterally symmetric
what group does a delphinium belong to?
-eudicots
what is the symmetry of a snapdragon?
-bilaterally symmetric
what is unique about a snapdragon?
- slanted receptacle
- five fused petals
what group does a snapdragon belong to?
-dicot
polytomy
-when there’s three or more branches in a phylogenetic tree
