Lecture 18: Animals Flashcards
1
Q
5 key transitions for animal body plan
A
- symmetry
- embryonic tissue layers
- specialization of tissues and cell types
- coeloms
- segmentation
2
Q
traits that unify animals
A
- mobility
- no cell walls
- sexual reproduction
- developed specialized tissues
- heterotrophic
- multicellular
3
Q
radial symmetry
A
- can divide in half through multiple axes from center
- usually basal
- leads to spherical or circular organisms
4
Q
bilateral symmetry
A
-right and left halves are mirror images
5
Q
cephalization
A
- with half and half symmetry, different cultures can cluster in different parts of the body
- over time sensory organs are concentrated at anterior end of bilateral symmetry
- evolution of brain area
6
Q
diploblastic development
A
-2 layers: endoderm and ectoderm
7
Q
triploblastic development
A
- 3 layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm
- More tissues increases complexity
8
Q
endoderm
A
- digestive organs
- intestines
9
Q
ectoderm
A
- outer body covering
- nervous system
10
Q
mesoderm
A
- muscle system
- skeletal system
11
Q
benefits of variable tissue
A
- increases complexity and specialization
- allows for differentiation of cell types which allows for more function like movement
- allowed for increased complexity of form and function of animals to become really big in size
12
Q
protostome
A
-mouth 1st, anus 2nd “first mouth”
13
Q
deuterostome
A
-anus 1st, mouth 2nd “second mouth”
14
Q
acoelomates
A
- no space btwn tissue layer
- move by cilia
15
Q
pseudocoelomates
A
- have cavity that’s fluid filled (gives them rigidness)
- fluid can also function as a hydrostatic skeleton and a circulatory system
16
Q
coelomates
A
- have cavity inside mesoderm
- organs are lined in muscle (gives them a lot of control)
17
Q
segmentation
A
-allow for redundancy of function and specialization
18
Q
locomotion
A
- more efficient when segments move independently
- further protects individual organs
