Prokaryotic Bacteria and Archaea Organisms: Lecture 12 Flashcards
hadobacteria
- extreme heat lovers bc they’re from Hadean eon
type: deinococcus radiodurans
deinococcus radiodurans
- type of halobacteria
- resistant to radiation and can consume nuclear waste
hyperthermophilic
- heat lovers
types: thermotoga maritima
thermotoga maritima
- type of hyperthermophilic
- lives in hot springs and volcano vents
firmicutes
- gram + except mycoplasmas
- filamentous
- form endospores
- types: mycoplasmas, clostridium botulinum., bacillus anthracis
mycoplasmas
- tiny
- no cell wall
- DNA reduced organisms
clostridium botulism
-leads to botulism
botulism
-most toxic substance to humans ever found
endospores
- heat resistant dormant structures
- form to help organism survive harsh conditions
- return when more favorable conditions return
bacillus anthrasis
-causes anthrax
actinobacteria
- gram +
- filamentous
- make antibiotics
- types: actinomyces, mycobacterium tuberculosis
how do actinobacteria reproduce?
- binary fission
- the filaments break up into cocci or bacilli
actinomyces
-break down organic soil
(responsible for composting)
-causes disease in humans
mycobacterium tuberculosis
- causes tuberculosis
- bacteria from this group are bacteria that attack other bacteria
cyanobacteria
- blue-green bacteria
- Gram -
- carry out photosynthesis
- can be strands, colonies, filaments, or single cells
- plant chloroplast are derived from cyanobacteria
spirochetes
- has axial filaments for mobility
- Gram -
- heterotrophic
- causes syphilis and lime disease
- types: treponema pallidum and borrelia burgdorferi
treponema pallidum
-causes syphilis
borrelia burgdorferi
-causes lyme disease
axial filaments
-allows spirochetes to move by spinning their spiral cells forward
chlamydia
- small, parasitic, cocci
- two cell type life cycles
- gram -
- obligate parasites for other organisms
- 1st cycle: enters the host cell
- 2nd cycle: develops inside the host cell
proteobacteria
- gram -
- photoheterotrophs
- diverse metabolic pathways (uses all 4 types)
- types: salmonella, escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae
vibrio cholerae
-causes cholera and plague
which organisms are prokaryotic bacteria?
- hadobacteria/hyperthermophilic
- actinobacteria
- firmicutes
- cyanobacteria
- spirochetes
- chlamydias
- proteobacteria
which organisms are prokaryotic archaea?
- crenarchaeota
- lokiarchaeota
- euryarchaeota
lokiarchaeota
- sister taxa to Eukaryotes (closest relatives)
- contain many genes related to cell membrane functioning seen in Eukaryotes
- only known through metagenomic techniques
crenarchaeota
- love extreme environments
- found in marine sites and normal environments
- biggest contributors to carbon fixation
- can survive at really low pH’s
carbon fixation
-CO2 (g) is converted to a solid substance
euryarchaeota
-types: methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles (methanopyrus)
methanogens
- methane-producing bacteria; contributes to greenhouse effect
- often found in animal intestines
halophiles
-species that live in extremely salty environments
methanopyrus
- methanogen extreme thermophile
- live in deep sea vent communities
