Prokaryotic Bacteria and Archaea Organisms: Lecture 12

Question 1

hadobacteria

Answer 1

• extreme heat lovers bc they’re from Hadean eon

type: deinococcus radiodurans

Question 2

deinococcus radiodurans

Answer 2

• type of halobacteria

- resistant to radiation and can consume nuclear waste

Question 3

hyperthermophilic

Answer 3

• heat lovers

types: thermotoga maritima

Question 4

thermotoga maritima

Answer 4

• type of hyperthermophilic

- lives in hot springs and volcano vents

Question 5

firmicutes

Answer 5

• gram + except mycoplasmas
• filamentous
• form endospores
• types: mycoplasmas, clostridium botulinum., bacillus anthracis

Question 6

mycoplasmas

Answer 6

• tiny
• no cell wall
• DNA reduced organisms

Question 7

clostridium botulism

Answer 7

-leads to botulism

Question 8

botulism

Answer 8

-most toxic substance to humans ever found

Question 9

endospores

Answer 9

• heat resistant dormant structures
• form to help organism survive harsh conditions
• return when more favorable conditions return

Question 10

bacillus anthrasis

Answer 10

-causes anthrax

Question 11

actinobacteria

Answer 11

• gram +
• filamentous
• make antibiotics
• types: actinomyces, mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 12

how do actinobacteria reproduce?

Answer 12

• binary fission

- the filaments break up into cocci or bacilli

Question 13

actinomyces

Answer 13

-break down organic soil
(responsible for composting)
-causes disease in humans

Question 14

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 14

• causes tuberculosis

- bacteria from this group are bacteria that attack other bacteria

Question 15

cyanobacteria

Answer 15

• blue-green bacteria
• Gram -
• carry out photosynthesis
• can be strands, colonies, filaments, or single cells
• plant chloroplast are derived from cyanobacteria

Question 16

spirochetes

Answer 16

• has axial filaments for mobility
• Gram -
• heterotrophic
• causes syphilis and lime disease
• types: treponema pallidum and borrelia burgdorferi

Question 17

treponema pallidum

Answer 17

-causes syphilis

Question 18

borrelia burgdorferi

Answer 18

-causes lyme disease

Question 19

axial filaments

Answer 19

-allows spirochetes to move by spinning their spiral cells forward

Question 20

chlamydia

Answer 20

• small, parasitic, cocci
• two cell type life cycles
• gram -
• obligate parasites for other organisms
• 1st cycle: enters the host cell
• 2nd cycle: develops inside the host cell

Question 21

proteobacteria

Answer 21

• gram -
• photoheterotrophs
• diverse metabolic pathways (uses all 4 types)
• types: salmonella, escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae

Question 22

vibrio cholerae

Answer 22

-causes cholera and plague

Question 23

which organisms are prokaryotic bacteria?

Answer 23

• hadobacteria/hyperthermophilic
• actinobacteria
• firmicutes
• cyanobacteria
• spirochetes
• chlamydias
• proteobacteria

Question 24

which organisms are prokaryotic archaea?

Answer 24

• crenarchaeota
• lokiarchaeota
• euryarchaeota

Question 25

lokiarchaeota

Answer 25

• sister taxa to Eukaryotes (closest relatives)
• contain many genes related to cell membrane functioning seen in Eukaryotes
• only known through metagenomic techniques

Question 26

crenarchaeota

Answer 26

• love extreme environments
• found in marine sites and normal environments
• biggest contributors to carbon fixation
• can survive at really low pH’s

Question 27

carbon fixation

Answer 27

-CO2 (g) is converted to a solid substance

Question 28

euryarchaeota

Answer 28

-types: methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles (methanopyrus)

Question 29

methanogens

Answer 29

• methane-producing bacteria; contributes to greenhouse effect
• often found in animal intestines

Question 30

halophiles

Answer 30

-species that live in extremely salty environments

Question 31

methanopyrus

Answer 31

• methanogen extreme thermophile

- live in deep sea vent communities