Proteobacteria (4.2) & 6.1

Question 1

What are causative agents for Rickettsia?

Answer 1

Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus fever

Question 2

Is Gammaproteobacteria the most or least diverse?

Answer 2

It is the most diverse class of gram negative bacteria

Question 3

Are Enterobacteria facultative anaerobes or aerobes?

Answer 3

facultative (optional) anaerobes

Question 4

What is the causative agent of legionella pneumophilia and where is it common in?

Answer 4

Legionnaire’s disease (a respiratory disease); common to water contamination in warm pools of water such as those found in AC units
(Name based off of the outbreak in the American Legion Veterans Association)

Question 5

What are the causative agents of Neisseria?

Answer 5

gonorrhea STD and bacterial meningitis

Question 6

Does Haemophilus influenza cause influenza?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

T or F: Psuedomonas is not very motile

Answer 7

False; it has multiple flagella

Question 8

What class is relatively small and includes sulfate reducing bacteria?

Answer 8

Deltaproteobacteria

Question 9

What class are considered eutrophs (copiotrophs)? What are eutrophs (copiotrophs)?

Answer 9

Betaproetobacteria; require many nutrients

Question 10

Which species in the Epsilinoproteobacteria class is common to food poisoning?

Answer 10

C. jejuni

Question 11

What are prominent genera in Alphaprotetobacteria?

Answer 11

Rickettsia and Chlamydia

Question 12

What are the prominent genera of Gammaproteobacteria?

Answer 12

Psudeomonas, Pasteurella, Haemophilus, Vibrio, Legionella, Enterobacter family

Question 13

What Gammaproteobacteria species in the Entereobacteria family is most mutualistic and may produce Shiga toxins?

Answer 13

E-coli

Question 14

Where do betaproetobacteria often grow?

Answer 14

They grow between aerobic and anaerobic areas

Question 15

What are the two distinctive categories of the Enterobacteria family? Define them.

Answer 15

Coliforms- “E. Coli-like” microbes that ferment lactose completely
Noncoliforms- fermentation of lactose is incomplete or absent

Question 16

What class is the smallest and is microaerophilic?

Answer 16

Epsilonproteobacteria

Question 17

The Enterobacteria family is found where?

Answer 17

In the gut

Question 18

What does vibrio cholera produce?

Answer 18

A toxin which causes a hyper secretion of electrolytes and water in the large intestine, leading to watery diarrhea and dehydration

Question 19

What are Enterobacteria able to ferment?

Answer 19

Carbohydrates

Question 20

What genus of Deltaproteobacteria forms multicellular macroscopic fruiting bodies

Answer 20

Myxobacteria

Question 21

What is the causative agent of vibrio cholera and is common where?

Answer 21

Cholera; it is common to water contamination

Question 22

Is pseudomonas aeruginosa aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 22

It is strictly aerobic

Question 23

What Gammaproteobacteria genus in the Entereobacteria family has multiple serotypes (strains/variations of the same species) that may cause salmonellosis

Answer 23

Salmonella

Question 24

What else does vibrio cause besides cholera ?

Answer 24

GI disease, cellulitis (infection of the skin and deeper tissues), and blood-borne infections

Question 25

Why are Pseudomonas difficult to treat?

Answer 25

Because it’s resistant to multiple antibiotics and forms biofilms

Question 26

Which genus of Deltaproteobacteria is parasitic?

Answer 26

Bdellovibrio

Question 27

Where is Vibrio commonly found?

Answer 27

In alkaline environments like ocean ports and lagoons

Question 28

What is the causative agent for Haemophilus influenza?

Answer 28

Upper and lower respiratory infections

Question 29

Which genus/species is associated with a pathogenic periodontal disease?

Answer 29

Desulfovibrio orale

Question 30

Which genus lives in the soil and scavenge organic compounds? They are motile, highly social, and interact with other bacteria; "SLIME BACTERIA"

Answer 30

Myxobacteria

Question 31

What genus is included in Deltaproteobacteria?

Answer 31

Desulfovibrio, Bdellovibrio, and Myxobacteria

Question 32

What class are considered oligotrophs? What are oligotrophs?

Answer 32

Alphaproteobacteria; live in low-nutrient environments

Question 33

What generas are in Epsilonproteobacteria?

Answer 33

Campylobacter and Helicobacter

Question 34

What does pseudomonas aeruginosa cause?

Answer 34

Common infections of wounds, urinary tract, and respiratory tract

Question 35

What are causative agents of Bordetella?

Answer 35

whooping cough (pertussis- the P in T-DAP) and kennel coughs

Question 36

What do Rickettsia and Chlamydia (Alphaproteobacteria) need to be metabolically active?

Answer 36

A host (they are obligate intracellular)

Question 37

Which genera in the Epsilonproteobactera is most common to food poisoning?

Answer 37

Campylobacter

Question 38

Which genera in the Epsilonproteobactera is commonly beneficial but can cause ulcers and stomach cancer in susceptible people

Answer 38

Helicobacter

Question 39

What is the causative agent of pasteurella haemolytica?

Answer 39

Severe pneumonia in animals

Question 40

Are Neisseria difficult to culture? (Fastidious)

Answer 40

Yes, they require high levels of moisture, nutrients, and carbon dioxide

Question 41

What are causative agents for Chlamydia?

Answer 41

Lymphogranuloma venereum (STD)

Question 42

What are prominent genera in Betaproetobacteria?

Answer 42

Bordetella and Neisseria

Question 43

Proteobacteria is Gram negative phyla or Gram positive Phyla?

Answer 43

Gram Negative Phyla

Question 44

Which species can cause ulcers and stomach cancer?

Answer 44

H. pylori

Question 45

Where does Neisseria species live?

Answer 45

On mucosal surfaces of the human body

Question 46

T/F Viruses have cells

Answer 46

No, but they do posses genetic material

Question 47

What type of microscope are viruses observable in?

Answer 47

TEM/SEM- high power microscopy

Question 48

Parasites that invade host cells and hijack cellular machinery to produce new virus particles

Answer 48

Virions

Question 49

T/F Viruses are included in the tree of life

Answer 49

False, they have no cell so there is no formal taxonomy

Question 50

What are the 5 characteristics of viruses?

Answer 50

-Infectious and acellular -Obligate intracellular parasite with host or cell type specificity -DNA or RNA (not both) - Genetic material surrounded by capsid - Lack many genes for reproduction; exploit host genome

Question 51

Define bacteriophage

Answer 51

viruses that only infect bacteria

Question 52

What is fomite?

Answer 52

Inanimate objects that become colonized and possibly allows the transfer to hosts

Question 53

What is direct contact in the context of obtaining infection?

Answer 53

Passes from the infected person to the healthy person via direct physical contact with blood or bodily fluids

Question 54

What is a mechanical vector?

Answer 54

Organism carries the virus on outside of body (cockroaches, flies, etc.)

Question 55

What is Biological vector?

Answer 55

Organism carries virus inside (ticks, mosquitos, biting flies, etc.)

Question 56

What is the range of size of viruses

Answer 56

20 nm - 900 nm

Question 57

T/F There are novel giant virus species approaching the size of a bacterial cell

Answer 57

T

Question 58

What are the components of viruses and which of them are required/optional?

Answer 58

Required: Capsid (capsomere subunit) & genomic material (RNA or DNA) Optional: Envelope and Spikes

Question 59

What are the 3 different ways to classify viruses

Answer 59

Capsid shape, envelope, and genomic material

Question 60

What are the 3 different capsid shapes?

Answer 60

Helical (spiral like), Polyhedral (multiple sides), and complex (any other shape)

Question 61

What do bacteriophages in complex form use to attach to bacterial host?

Answer 61

Tail fibers and pins

Question 62

What are the 2 categories when grouping viruses by envelope?

Answer 62

Enveloped viruses (phospholipid membrane surrounding capsid) and Naked viruses (capsid only with no envelope)

Question 63

What are spikes made out of?

Answer 63

Glycoproteins

Question 64

What is the function of spikes?

Answer 64

Protein structures that extend away from the capsid and allows virus to attach and enter the cell

Question 65

What are the 2 types of viruses based off of spikes?

Answer 65

Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

Question 66

What are the 5 types of genomic material?

Answer 66

- Single stranded DNA -Double stranded DNA - Single stranded RNA Positive - Single stranded RNA Negative - Double stranded RNA

Question 67

What subclasses in the binomial nomenclature do they use and what are they called?

Answer 67

Family- viridae Genus- virus

Question 68

What does an ICD do and what is it used for?

Answer 68

Facilitates tracking of virus-related human diseases; assigns code to every type of viral infection - Clinically prescribed treatments - Ordering laboratory tests - Health-care management - Medical billing and insurance reimbursement -Vital-records keepers for cause of death - Epidemiology studies