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Microbiology for Nursing > Proteobacteria (4.2) & 6.1 > Flashcards

Proteobacteria (4.2) & 6.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are causative agents for Rickettsia?

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus fever

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2
Q

Is Gammaproteobacteria the most or least diverse?

A

It is the most diverse class of gram negative bacteria

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3
Q

Are Enterobacteria facultative anaerobes or aerobes?

A

facultative (optional) anaerobes

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4
Q

What is the causative agent of legionella pneumophilia and where is it common in?

A

Legionnaire’s disease (a respiratory disease); common to water contamination in warm pools of water such as those found in AC units
(Name based off of the outbreak in the American Legion Veterans Association)

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5
Q

What are the causative agents of Neisseria?

A

gonorrhea STD and bacterial meningitis

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6
Q

Does Haemophilus influenza cause influenza?

A

No

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7
Q

T or F: Psuedomonas is not very motile

A

False; it has multiple flagella

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8
Q

What class is relatively small and includes sulfate reducing bacteria?

A

Deltaproteobacteria

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9
Q

What class are considered eutrophs (copiotrophs)? What are eutrophs (copiotrophs)?

A

Betaproetobacteria; require many nutrients

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10
Q

Which species in the Epsilinoproteobacteria class is common to food poisoning?

A

C. jejuni

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11
Q

What are prominent genera in Alphaprotetobacteria?

A

Rickettsia and Chlamydia

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12
Q

What are the prominent genera of Gammaproteobacteria?

A

Psudeomonas, Pasteurella, Haemophilus, Vibrio, Legionella, Enterobacter family

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13
Q

What Gammaproteobacteria species in the Entereobacteria family is most mutualistic and may produce Shiga toxins?

A

E-coli

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14
Q

Where do betaproetobacteria often grow?

A

They grow between aerobic and anaerobic areas

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15
Q

What are the two distinctive categories of the Enterobacteria family? Define them.

A

Coliforms- “E. Coli-like” microbes that ferment lactose completely
Noncoliforms- fermentation of lactose is incomplete or absent

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16
Q

What class is the smallest and is microaerophilic?

A

Epsilonproteobacteria

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17
Q

The Enterobacteria family is found where?

A

In the gut

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18
Q

What does vibrio cholera produce?

A

A toxin which causes a hyper secretion of electrolytes and water in the large intestine, leading to watery diarrhea and dehydration

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19
Q

What are Enterobacteria able to ferment?

A

Carbohydrates

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20
Q

What genus of Deltaproteobacteria forms multicellular macroscopic fruiting bodies

A

Myxobacteria

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21
Q

What is the causative agent of vibrio cholera and is common where?

A

Cholera; it is common to water contamination

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22
Q

Is pseudomonas aeruginosa aerobic or anaerobic?

A

It is strictly aerobic

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23
Q

What Gammaproteobacteria genus in the Entereobacteria family has multiple serotypes (strains/variations of the same species) that may cause salmonellosis

A

Salmonella

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24
Q

What else does vibrio cause besides cholera ?

A

GI disease, cellulitis (infection of the skin and deeper tissues), and blood-borne infections

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25
Q

Why are Pseudomonas difficult to treat?

A

Because it’s resistant to multiple antibiotics and forms biofilms

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26
Q

Which genus of Deltaproteobacteria is parasitic?

A

Bdellovibrio

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27
Q

Where is Vibrio commonly found?

A

In alkaline environments like ocean ports and lagoons

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28
Q

What is the causative agent for Haemophilus influenza?

A

Upper and lower respiratory infections

29
Q

Which genus/species is associated with a pathogenic periodontal disease?

A

Desulfovibrio orale

30
Q

Which genus lives in the soil and scavenge organic compounds? They are motile, highly social, and interact with other bacteria; “SLIME BACTERIA”

A

Myxobacteria

31
Q

What genus is included in Deltaproteobacteria?

A

Desulfovibrio, Bdellovibrio, and Myxobacteria

32
Q

What class are considered oligotrophs? What are oligotrophs?

A

Alphaproteobacteria; live in low-nutrient environments

33
Q

What generas are in Epsilonproteobacteria?

A

Campylobacter and Helicobacter

34
Q

What does pseudomonas aeruginosa cause?

A

Common infections of wounds, urinary tract, and respiratory tract

35
Q

What are causative agents of Bordetella?

A

whooping cough (pertussis- the P in T-DAP) and kennel coughs

36
Q

What do Rickettsia and Chlamydia (Alphaproteobacteria) need to be metabolically active?

A

A host (they are obligate intracellular)

37
Q

Which genera in the Epsilonproteobactera is most common to food poisoning?

A

Campylobacter

38
Q

Which genera in the Epsilonproteobactera is commonly beneficial but can cause ulcers and stomach cancer in susceptible people

A

Helicobacter

39
Q

What is the causative agent of pasteurella haemolytica?

A

Severe pneumonia in animals

40
Q

Are Neisseria difficult to culture? (Fastidious)

A

Yes, they require high levels of moisture, nutrients, and carbon dioxide

41
Q

What are causative agents for Chlamydia?

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum (STD)

42
Q

What are prominent genera in Betaproetobacteria?

A

Bordetella and Neisseria

43
Q

Proteobacteria is Gram negative phyla or Gram positive Phyla?

A

Gram Negative Phyla

44
Q

Which species can cause ulcers and stomach cancer?

A

H. pylori

45
Q

Where does Neisseria species live?

A

On mucosal surfaces of the human body

46
Q

T/F Viruses have cells

A

No, but they do posses genetic material

47
Q

What type of microscope are viruses observable in?

A

TEM/SEM- high power microscopy

48
Q

Parasites that invade host cells and hijack cellular machinery to produce new virus particles

A

Virions

49
Q

T/F Viruses are included in the tree of life

A

False, they have no cell so there is no formal taxonomy

50
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of viruses?

A

-Infectious and acellular
-Obligate intracellular parasite with host or cell type specificity
-DNA or RNA (not both)
- Genetic material surrounded by capsid
- Lack many genes for reproduction; exploit host genome

51
Q

Define bacteriophage

A

viruses that only infect bacteria

52
Q

What is fomite?

A

Inanimate objects that become colonized and possibly allows the transfer to hosts

53
Q

What is direct contact in the context of obtaining infection?

A

Passes from the infected person to the healthy person via direct physical contact with blood or bodily fluids

54
Q

What is a mechanical vector?

A

Organism carries the virus on outside of body (cockroaches, flies, etc.)

55
Q

What is Biological vector?

A

Organism carries virus inside (ticks, mosquitos, biting flies, etc.)

56
Q

What is the range of size of viruses

A

20 nm - 900 nm

57
Q

T/F There are novel giant virus species approaching the size of a bacterial cell

A

T

58
Q

What are the components of viruses and which of them are required/optional?

A

Required: Capsid (capsomere subunit) & genomic material (RNA or DNA)
Optional: Envelope and Spikes

59
Q

What are the 3 different ways to classify viruses

A

Capsid shape, envelope, and genomic material

60
Q

What are the 3 different capsid shapes?

A

Helical (spiral like), Polyhedral (multiple sides), and complex (any other shape)

61
Q

What do bacteriophages in complex form use to attach to bacterial host?

A

Tail fibers and pins

62
Q

What are the 2 categories when grouping viruses by envelope?

A

Enveloped viruses (phospholipid membrane surrounding capsid) and Naked viruses (capsid only with no envelope)

63
Q

What are spikes made out of?

A

Glycoproteins

64
Q

What is the function of spikes?

A

Protein structures that extend away from the capsid and allows virus to attach and enter the cell

65
Q

What are the 2 types of viruses based off of spikes?

A

Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

66
Q

What are the 5 types of genomic material?

A
  • Single stranded DNA
    -Double stranded DNA
  • Single stranded RNA Positive
  • Single stranded RNA Negative
  • Double stranded RNA
67
Q

What subclasses in the binomial nomenclature do they use and what are they called?

A

Family- viridae
Genus- virus

68
Q

What does an ICD do and what is it used for?

A

Facilitates tracking of virus-related human diseases; assigns code to every type of viral infection
- Clinically prescribed treatments
- Ordering laboratory tests
- Health-care management
- Medical billing and insurance reimbursement
-Vital-records keepers for cause of death
- Epidemiology studies

Microbiology for Nursing (16 decks)

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