4.3,5.3 Lessons Flashcards
What gram negative nonproteobacteria is extremely thin and hair to stain and culture?
Spirochetes
T/F Spirochetes have axial filament similar to flagella
True
What are the 2 key Spirochetes species?
Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi
Which Spirochetes is the causative agent for syphilis?
Treponema pallidum
Which Spirochetes causes Lyme disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi
What gram negative nonproteobacteria breaks down complex carbs and has similar metabolic and genetic characteristics?
The CFB group
Which genus in the CFB group uses a gliding system for motility?
Cytophaga
Which genus in the CFB group inhabits the mouth and can cause various oral disease?
Fusobacterium
Which genus in the CFB group makes up 30% of the gut microbiome? Lower levels of it is correlated with obesity
Bacteroides
Which gram negative nonproteobacteria is found in aquatic environments: fresh, salt, and brackish? They reproduce via budding
Planctomycetes
What are the 2 types of cells important in planctomycetes and what are they?
Sessile cells-immobile with holdfast appendage
Swarmer cells- motile, unable to reproduce
What is a gram negative proteo/ non-proteobacteria that is grouped based on function and utilizes sunlight as main source of energy via photosynthesis?
Phototrophic Bacteria
What are the major groups of phototrophic bacteria?
- Purple and green bacteria (due to bacteriochlorophylls)
- Cyanobacteria
What is an oxygenic photosynthesizer that undergoes the process in the thylakoid membrane? Used as biosorbents and for human nutrition
Cyanobacteria
What are the anoxygenic photosynthesizers?
Purple/green sulfur/nonsulfur
T/F Fungi are heterotrophic and mostly saprophytic.
T, Fungi gets it’s food from other plants/animals, mostly from dead ones
What is Mycoses?
Illness caused by fungi
Are molds unicellular or multicellular?
Multicellular
What is the existence of hyphae a characteristic of?
What are hyphae and where do they form in?
Molds
They are filamentous structures that form together into mycelium and thallus
What are the 2 types of hyphae and define them
Septate hyphae- posses walls between cells
Coenocytic hyphae- no cells/membranes between cells
Are yeasts unicellular or multicellular?
Unicellular
How do yeasts reproduce?
Budding form (asexual reproduction)
For yeast, what is formed when buds stick together?
Pseudohyphae
What kind of cells walls do fungi have?
Chitin
What type of sterol is found in fungi’s membrane?
Ergosterol
In what ways can fungi reproduce sexually?
Cross or self-fertilization
In what ways can fungi reproduce asexually?
Mitosis, budding, fragmentation of hyphae
What type of fungi can have one or both modes of reproduction?
Mold
What is dimorphic fungi
Can appear as either yeast or mold
What is the fungi phyla is associated with food production, food spoilage, and human pathogens?
Ascomycota
What are the sexual and asexual spores of Ascomycota?
Ascospores- sexual
Conidia- asexual
What are the 3 prominent species of ascomycota?
Aspergillus, Candida albicans, and penicillium
What Ascomycota species is mold and is the common cause of allergies and opportunistic infection of tissues?
Aspergillus
What Ascomycota species is a yeast with a normal biota but can be opportunistic pathogen?
Candida albicans
What Ascomycota species is associated with vaginal yeast infection, oral thrush, and candidiasis?
Candida albicans
What ascomycota species is mold that produces antibiotics?
Penicillium
What fungi phyla is club-shaped and produces basidiospores?
Basidiomycota
What fungi phyla is an important decomposer and food source which includes puffballs, mushrooms, rusts, and stinkhorns?
Basidiomycota
What phyla does Amanita phalloides belong to and what is it?
Basidiomycota; a poisonous mushroom know as the death cap
What fungi phyla is a unicellular obligate intracellular parasites that was once classified as protists?
Microsporidia
Why are microsporidia obligate intracellular parasites?
Because they have no mitochondria, peroxisomes, or centrioles
What do microspodia have to pierce host cell and infect?
Polar tubule
What fungi phyla is mostly saprophytic (decomposer) and has coenocytic hyphae (multinucleated,large cells)?
Zygomycota
What spores in Zygomycota is used for sexual and asexual reproduction?
Sexual- Zygospores
Asexual- Sporangiospores
What is common to spoilage of strawberries?
Zygomycota
What species is important in Zygomycota and what is it?
Mucor- necrotizing infections in humans
