Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology for Nursing > 5.1, 6.3, 5.4 > Flashcards

5.1, 6.3, 5.4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Pharmacology flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Adult Health flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards
1
Q

What are protozoa?

A

Animal-like; heterotrophic; unicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is algae?

A

Plant-like; uni- or multicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 Life stages of protozoa and define them

A

Trophozoites- feeding and growth stages
Cysts- encapsulated stage to protect against harsh environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 forms of asexual reproduction?

A

Binary fission, budding, and schizogeny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the forms of sexual reproduction?

A

Syngamy (fusing of haploid gametes) and conjugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the protozoan membrane called?

A

Plasmalemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the pellicle?

A

Membranes with bands of protein to provide rigidness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is ectoplasm?

A

The outer gel-like layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the inside fluid in cytoplasm?

A

Endoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the feeding structure that takes up food/nutrients (cilia sweep food towards openings)

A

Cytostome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Whats the difference between holozoic and saprozoic?

A

Holozoic protists take in whole particles and Saprozoic takes in smaller molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What structure is for the exocytosis of waste?

A

Cytoproct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What 2 locomotion structures are made of microtubules?

A

Flagella and cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What locomotion structure is a cytoplasmic extension that attach cell to surface?

A

Pseudopodia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do contractile vacuoles do?

A

Help regulate osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What unique organelles are defined as DNA bundles located by basal body of flagella?

A

Kinetoplastid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are Hydrogenosomes?

A

Unique organelles that produce ATP without O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F Protozoans are polyphyletic

A

T; protists don’t share an evolutionary origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 3 prominent groups of protozoa?

A

Amoebozoa, Excavata, and Chromalveolata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do subclasses under amoeboza have in common?

A

They’re a group of protists that have amoeba-like movement through pseudopodia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which species of the amoeboza has an agent for amoebic dysentery?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which species of the amoeboza has a causative agent for amoebic meningoencephalitis?

A

Naegleria fowleri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which species of the amoeboza has a causative agent for keratitis associated with contact lenses?

A

Acanthamoeba

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What’s the difference between cellular and plasmodial slime molds?

A

Cellular are individuals that can aggregate into a mobile “slug” and creates a fruiting body to produce haploid spores, while plasmodial are large large amoeboid cells with multiple nuclei and can form reproductive stalks to produce spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What common characteristic does the chromalveolata group have? Define it

A

Plastids- membrane bound organelle that often contains photosynthetic pigments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which of Chromalveola’s prominent groups are algae?

A

Diatoms and Dinoflagellates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the prominent groups of Chromalveolata?

A

Apicomplexans, Ciliates, Oomycetes, Diatoms, and Dinoflagellates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is an apical complex?

A

Concentration of organelles, vacuoles, and microtubules that able them to establish infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the life cycle of apicomplexans?

A

Infective sporozoites undergo schizogeny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the prominent genera of apicomplexans?

A

Plasmodium, Cryptosporidium parvum, Babesia microti, Toxoplasma gondii

31
Q

What genera of Apicomplexans causes malaria, infects a variety of animal cells, and has their life-cycle occur between multiple hosts?

A

Plasmodium

32
Q

What genera of Apicomplexans are cysts that contaminate drinking water and cause intestinal symptoms?

A

Cryptosporidium

33
Q

What genera of Apicomplexans are transmitted by ticks and blood transfusions and may cause fatal recurring fever and hemolysis (babesiosis)

A

Babesia microti

34
Q

What genera of Apicomplexans has the causative agent of toxoplasmosis and is transmitted by cat feces, unwashed produce, and undercooked meat?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

35
Q

What are Ciliates?

A

A group of chromalveolata that use cilia for locomotion/feeding

36
Q

What groups (main and sub) does Balantidium coli belong to and what is it known for?

A

Chromalveolata, Ciliates; only pathogenic ciliate

37
Q

What groups (main and sub) does Paramecium belong to and what are they used for?

A

Chromalveolata, Ciliates; studied in bio labs

38
Q

What group of Chromalveolata has micro- and macronucleus?

A

Ciliates

39
Q

How does ciliates reproduce?

A

Via conjugation

40
Q

What are oomycetes also known as?

A

Water molds

41
Q

What are oomycetes’ cell wall made of and are they usually haploid or diploid?

A

Cellulose; diploid

42
Q

What genera is known for the potato blight? What group(s) does it belong to?

A

Phytophphthora infestans; oomycetes & chromalveolata

43
Q

What common characteristics do excavata have?

A

Have a depression on cell surface

44
Q

What are the prominent groups of excavata?

A

fornicata, parabasila, and euglenozoa

45
Q

What are fornicatas?

A

A group of excavata that have no mitochondria but have flagella

46
Q

What genera is an agent for giardia disease obtained from contaminated waters (cysts are spread via feces)? What group(s) do they belong to

A

Giardia lamblia; Excavata, fornicata

47
Q

What is parabasila?

A

Excavatas that are common endosymbionts to termites and cockroaches with modified mitochondria (kinetoplast)

48
Q

What genera has an agent for STD trichomoniasis and what group(s) does it belong to?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis; Excavata, Parabasila

49
Q

What is an euglenozoa?

A

An excavata that is photo & non-photosynthetic, has 2 flagella, a stigma (eyespot), and cholorplast

50
Q

What genera is an agent for African sleepping sickness and Chagas disease? What group(s) does it belong in

A

genus Trypanosoma; Excavata, Euglenozoa

51
Q

What has 2 flagellas (whirl), a theca (cellulose armor), produces neurotoxins (red tide), and is known for paralytic shellfish poisoning

A

Dinoflagellates

52
Q

What are the 2 chromalveolata algae

A

Dinoflagellates and stramenopiles

53
Q

What are included in stramenopiles and what do they do?

A

Golden algae (chrystophytes), Brown algae (phaeophytes), Diatoms (ochraphytes)

54
Q

What taxa are algae found in?

A

Chromalveolata and archaeplastida

55
Q

What algae is found in Archaeplastida?

A

Red and green algae

56
Q

What is red algae?

A

An archaeplastida that has cell walls that contain agar or carrageenan

57
Q

What is green algae?

A

Archaeplastida that are generally non-path; important in molecular bio research

58
Q

What group(s) does the genera prototheca belong to and what does it cause?

A

Archaeplastida green algae; Prototheocosis

59
Q

Who used porcelain to filter out virus?

A

Dmitri Ivanovski

60
Q

What are porcelain filters used now?

A

To remove all material except viruses from cell cultures

61
Q

What is in vivo and in vitro when cultivating viruses?

A

In vivo- in organism; in vitro- outside organism

62
Q

What are the 4 phases of viral growth?

A

Inoculation- virus causes infection; Eclipse- virus binds and penetrates (no virions detected); Burst- virions released from lysed host cell; Burst size- number of virions released per bacterium

63
Q

How is the production of the influenza vaccine done?

A

It is grown in vivo from chicken/turkey embryo

64
Q

How does In vitro growth work?

A

Primary cell line is obtained from desired tissue and cells are grown in petri dish to allow attachment -> related with the HeLA cells

65
Q

What was the HeLA cell lines?

A

An immortal cell line that was unethically obtained by a cervical cancer patient

66
Q

How is vital detection determined?

A
  • Effect on cells
  • Hemmagglutination assay
  • Nucleic acid test
  • Enzyme immunoassay
67
Q

What is Cytopathic effects (CPEs)

A

Cell abnormalities due to viral infection

68
Q

What are examples of CPEs?

A

Loss of adherance, change of cell shape, nucleus shrinkage, vacuoles formed, fusion of cytoplasmic membranes to form multiple nuclei, inclusion bodies, cell lysis

69
Q

What does hemagglutination assay do and how does it work?

A

It detects a virus from patient serum; The human’s serum is exposed to the virus and then RBC are added; if there is agglutination they don’t have that virus, if there is no agglutination they do have that virus

70
Q

What is the Nucleic Acid Amplification Test and how does it work?

A

It detects a unique viral sequence; You’re taking a small amount of nucleic acid, amplifying a certain gene to a quantifiable amount where you can definitively say “yes, that is that virus”

71
Q

Is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) used for DNA or RNA in the NAAT?

A

DNA

72
Q

Is the Reverse Transcriptase PCR used for DNA or RNA in NAAT?

A

RnA

73
Q

What is the enzyme immunoassay used for?

A

Detection of antigens/antibodies

74
Q

How does EIA/ELISA work?

A
  • you apply a patient sample to membrane filter
  • add antibody with enzyme conjugate (antibody attaches to antigen if present)
  • Wash to remove unattached conjugate
  • Add substrate, which allows the substrate and enzyme interaction to create color change for detection

Microbiology for Nursing (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions