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Microbiology for Nursing > 16.2/15.1 > Flashcards

16.2/15.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is called when a condition where normal structure and/or function are damaged or impaired?

A

Disease

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2
Q

What is an invasion of pathogen or parasite that lead to disease?

A

Infection

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3
Q

What are things that can be directly measured by clinician

A

Signs

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4
Q

What are things felt by patient that cannot be clinically measured

A

Symptoms

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5
Q

What does it mean when a patient are asymptomatic/subclinical?

A

A patient is showing no symptoms, so only signs can be observed thru correct testing

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6
Q

What is WHO for?

A

Used globally to classify and monitor disease

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7
Q

What is it called when it’s a disease caused by direct effect of a pathogen

A

Infectious

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8
Q

What is called when it’s capable of spreading person-to-person (contagious easily spread)

A

Communicable

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9
Q

What is called when it’s acquired as result of medical procedure

A

Iatrogenic

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10
Q

What is it called when it’s acquired from hospital setting

A

Nosocomial

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11
Q

What is it called when it’s acquired from animal

A

Zoonotic

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12
Q

What is it called when it’s obtained from non-living things such as soil or contaminated objects?

A

Non-communicable

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13
Q

What is it called if it’s not caused by pathogen?

A

Non-infectious

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14
Q

What are the 5 stages of disease?

A
  1. Incubation
  2. Prodromal
  3. Illness
  4. Decline
  5. Convalescence
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15
Q

Which stage of disease occurs when there is initial entry of pathogen and replication begins

A

Incubation

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16
Q

Which stage of disease occurs where replication continues and host shows signs and symptoms?

A

Prodromal

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17
Q

Which stage of disease occurs where signs and symptoms are most severe in the host?

A

Illness

18
Q

Which stage of disease occurs where pathogen no. start to decrease; the host’s immune system is weak and vulnerable to secondary infection

A

Decline

19
Q

Which stage of disease occurs when host starts to recover

A

Convalescence

20
Q

What is acute disease?

A

lasts relatively short (hrs, days, week)

21
Q

What is Chronic disease?

A

lasts longer time (months, years, lifetime)

22
Q

What is latent disease?

A

Comes in episodes; the pathogen replicates when the disease is active (“comes and go”)

23
Q

Who was the father of epidemiology that had a study that led to the discovery of the contaminated water pump on Broad street was responsible for the 1854 cholera London epidemic?

A

John Snow

24
Q

What spread pattern is it called when there is a single source for all infected individuals?

A

Common Source

25
Q

What spread pattern is it called when it’s a common source that exists for short time?

A

Point source

26
Q

What spread pattern is it called when it’s a continuous contamination?

A

Continuous contamination

27
Q

What spread pattern is it called if it’s on and off?

A

Intermittent source

28
Q

What spread pattern is it called when it’s direct or indirect person-to-person contact?

A

Propagated

29
Q

Who was a Crimean War nurse who kept records of soldier illness and death and determined many deaths were from poor sanitation, not battle?

A

Florence Nightingale

30
Q

Who used epidemiology data of handwashing for better healthcare practices and used carbolic acid as disinfectant?

A

Joseph Lister

31
Q

What is under observational epidemiology studies?

A

Descriptive
Analytical
- Cohort Method
- Case-Control
- Cross-sectional

32
Q

What type of study is manipulated?

A

experimental

33
Q

Which type of study is not manipulated?

A

Observational

34
Q

Which observational study fathers info about a disease outbreak through interviews and examination of medical records; helps develop hypothesis for etiology/causation

A

Descriptive

35
Q

Which observational study selects groups to evaluate hypothesis?

A

Analytical

36
Q

Which analytical study uses data from past groups; what about data from current subjects moving forward?

A

Retrospective; Prospective

37
Q

Which group-based analytical study examines individuals who share a particular characteristic?

A

Cohort method

38
Q

Which group-based analytical study compares groups with disease to groups without?

A

Case-control

39
Q

Which group-based analytical study has groups randomly selected, compares disease and no disease at a point in time

A

Cross-sectional

40
Q

What study uses clinical trials, may have an ethical concern, provide best evidence for etiology, and are usually double-blind studies with humans?

A

Experimental

Microbiology for Nursing (16 decks)

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