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Microbiology for Nursing > 13.3, 13.4 > Flashcards

13.3, 13.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is it called when it’s a carbon molecule with benzene ring and -OH group?

A

Phenols (Phenolics)

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2
Q

What is the MOA of Phenols?

A

Denature proteins and membranes

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3
Q

What chemical category does carbolic acid, lysol, and triclosan belong to?

A

Phenols

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4
Q

What is the MOA of Heavy metals?

A

Binds to and inhibits proteins

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5
Q

Which heavy metal treated syphilis but was banned bc of neural toxicity effects

A

Mercury

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6
Q

Which Heavy metal is used today to treat burn wounds, pediatric opthalmia, neonatorum, and in antibiotics?

A

Silver

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7
Q

Which Heavy metal is used as algicide to treat pools?

A

Copper sulfate

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8
Q

Which Heavy metal is used in mouthwashes, calamine lotion, and baby powder

A

Zinc

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9
Q

What chemical type does iodine, chlorine, and fluorine belong to?

A

Halogens

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10
Q

Which halogen oxidizes cellular components commonly used as a iodophor (complex with organic molecule)

A

Iodine

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11
Q

Which halogen is combined with H20 to make hypochlorous acid to treat water?

A

Chlorine

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12
Q

What is used to make chloramine? Which chemical type does it belong to?

A

Cl and NH3 - very stable; “swimming pool smell”

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13
Q

Which Halogen is most recognizable with dental products?

A

Fluorine

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14
Q

Which chemical type is used as disinfectants and antiseptics and is used as 70% to allow better cell penetration?

A

Alcohols

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15
Q

What is the MOA of Alcohols?

A

Disrupts membranes and denatures cytoplasmic proteins -> lysis

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16
Q

What chemical type lowers surface tension of water?

A

Surfactant

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17
Q

In most soaps and detergents; aid in _______

A

Degerming

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18
Q

What surfactant are fatty acid salts?

A

Soaps

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19
Q

What surfactant are synthetic polar and non-polar molecules

A

Detergents

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20
Q

What are cationic detergents called?

A

Quaternary ammonium salts

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21
Q

T/F Quaternary ammonium salts cannot insert into the lipid bilayer because they’re not similar to phospholipids

A

False, they’re a surfactant that are similar to phospholipids and can insert into the lipid bilayer to break it down

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22
Q

What is an example of a quaternary ammonium salt?

A

Common day lysol

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23
Q

What chemical type has cationic molecules that have antiseptic properties?

A

Bisbiguanides

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24
Q

What is the MOA of Bisbiguanides?

A

Disrupt the membrane and congeal cytoplasmic contents

25
Q

What are bisbiguanides not active against?

A

Naked viruses, M. Tuberculosis, and spores

26
Q

What Bisbiguanide is a common surgical scrub and longer lasting that iodophors?

A

Chlorhexidine

27
Q

Which Bisbiguanide is a faster acting surgical scrub “up and coming”?

A

Alexidine

28
Q

Which chemical type is a strong disinfecting agent that replaces hydrogen atoms with alkyl group?

A

Alkylating Agents

29
Q

What is the MOA of Alkylating Agents?

A

Inactivates enzymes and nucleic acids

30
Q

Which alkylating agents fixes specimens by cross-linking proteins?

A

Formaldehyde

31
Q

Which alkylating agents acts faster than formaldehyde; common disinfectant of surgical equipment?

A

Glutaraldehyde

32
Q

Which alkylating agent is a gaseous sterilizer that has high penetrating ability?

A

Ethylene oxide

33
Q

Which alkylating agent is a clear liquid of vapor with strong odor; wide variety of sterilization; medical, tissue, milk, etc.?

A

B-propionolactone

34
Q

Which chemical type is an oxidizing agents used as disinfectants or antiseptics; produce radical oxygen to disrupt macromolecules

A

Peroxygens

35
Q

Which peroxygen is a common and cheap disinfectant?

A

Hydrogen peroxide

36
Q

Which peroxygen is more effective than H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide); immune to inactivation by catalases and peroxidases ?

A

Peracetic acid

37
Q

Which peroxygen is present in acne medications; very effective against Prionibacterium acnes?

A

Benzoyl Peroxide

38
Q

Which peroxygen is used to clean air and water supply?

A

Ozone gas

39
Q

What is it called when pressure and temp are increased in molecules to have properties between liquid and gas?

A

Supercritical fluids

40
Q

What does supercritical fluids allow?

A

For easier cell penetration and formation of carbonic acid and increase acidity

41
Q

Which preservatives inhibits various cellular enzymes, increases efficacy as oH decreases, and is added into a variety of foods; dairy, bread, fruit, and veg

A

Sorbic acid

42
Q

Which preservatives decreases intracellular pH, interferes with oxidative phosphorylation and AA (amino acid) uptake; found naturally in fruits, berries, spices and fermented foods?

A

Benzoic acid

43
Q

Which preservative inhibit enzymes and decrease intracellular pH; more effective at higher pH than sorbic or benzoic; naturally produced by some cheeses; added to other cheeses, and baked goods; added to raw dough to prevent contamination by B. Mesentericus?

A

Propionic acid

44
Q

Which preservative has an unclear MOA, prevents browning of foods, used in winemaking, and dissolves in water readily (sulfites)

A

Sulfur Dioxide

45
Q

Which preservative is when nitric oxide reacts with iron sulfur groups and disrupts the ETC; added to processed meats; nitrosamines (carcinogen) produced when nitrite-preserved meats are heated

A

Nitrites

46
Q

Which preservative is natural and disrupts G+ cell wall production, produced by Lactococcus lactis, and is used to preserve cheeses, meats, and beverages?

A

Nisin

47
Q

Which preservative is a natural antifungul macrolide antibiotic (disrupts fungal cell membrane), prevents bacterial protein synthesis, and used in cottage, sliced, and shredded cheese?

A

Natamycin

48
Q

Which level of effectiveness kills vegetative cells, fungi, viruses, and endospores?

A

High level of effectiveness

49
Q

Which level of effectiveness is less effective against endospores and viruses?

A

Intermediate level of efectiveness

50
Q

Which level of effectiveness kill only vegetative cells and enveloped viruses, not endospores and naked viruses?

A

Low level of effectiveness

51
Q

Which disinfectant/preservative effectiveness testing tests. How strong an agent is relative to phenol?

A

Phenol Coefficient

52
Q

Which 2 are used as test organisms in the Phenol Coefficient test? And which has Gram + or -

A

Staphylococcus aureus: gram +
Salmonella enterica: gram -

53
Q

What does it mean if there’s a phenol coefficient of <1.0?

A

Chemical is less effective than phenol (formalin)

54
Q

What does it mean if there is a phenol coefficient >1.0?

A

Chemical is more effective than phenol (chloramine)

55
Q

Why is the phenol coefficient test is no longer used?

A

Bc conditions and organisms arbitrarily chosen

56
Q

What disinfectant/preservative effectiveness testing measures degree of inhibition using sterile filter paper disks with chemicals?

A

Disk diffusion

57
Q

Which disinfectant/Preservative Effectiveness Testing determines agent’s effectiveness on an inanimate surface?

A

Use-dilution test

58
Q

Which disinfectant/preservative effectiveness testing has stainless steel cylinder dipped in target culture then dried, cylinder then dipped into various concentrations of disinfectant, then transferred to fresh media?

A

Use-dilution test

59
Q

Which disinfectant/preservative effectiveness testing determine whether disinfectant is contaminated?

A

In-use test

Microbiology for Nursing (16 decks)

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