protein synthesis/punnett squares (f) Flashcards
name at least three functions have in our body
enzymatic reactions, hormones, form bones and muscles
describe the three types of RNA
rRNA, mRNA, tRNA
what are the building blocks for proteins
amino acids
why are proteins important
in our cells and muscles, makes us who we are
location of transcription
nucleus
location of translation
ribosomes
can dna leave the nucleus
no
location of protein synthesis
ribosomes
messenger RNA (mRNA)
copies DNA instructions and carries them to the ribosomes
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
carries amino acids to the robosomes and mRNA sequence
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
composes the ribosomes (makes them up)
what does uracil replace
thymine
proteins are involved in (4 things)
transport, structure, acting as enzymes, protect the body
RNA
nucleic acid like DNA
transcription
massage DNA
polymerase connect complementary RNA bases to DNA
Translation
brings amino acids together, looking for complete pairs (?)
-> transfer amino acids
codon
triplets
anticodon
on tRNA
carries amino acid called methionine
pairs with codon
transcription
dna is copied into a complementary strand of rna
- dna is unzipped at the genes that are needed to be copied
- rna polymerase uses a strand of dna to match rna nucleotide with the DNA nucleotides, this creates mRNA
- dna zips back together and the mrna leaves the nucleus heads back to the cytoplasm
translation
interpreting the rna message into a protein
1. codons from mRNA are read by the ribosomes
point mutation
a base pair is added -> instead of an a, a g might be put down -> silent
frameshift
when one extra base pair is added to a DNA strand
silent mutation
no effect on the structure of the protein
punett square
a method used to predict what genes an offspring or two parents might have can
monohybrid
cross between one trait - use 2x2 box
50/50 or 75/25 when analyzing
dihybrid
cross between two traits-use a 4x4 box
remember to foil first
9:3:3:1
sex-limited
cross-looking specifically at males and females
analyze specifically with males and females
what is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous
homozygous is the same, heterozygous is two different
difference between phenotype vs genotype
phenotype -> what you see
genotype -> related to genes
incomplete dominance
neither allele is completely dominant or recessive
heterozygous phenotype is between two homozygous phenotypes
codominance
both traits are fully expressed
xx
female
xy
male
