chemistry 1.1 notes Flashcards
proton
positive
electron
negative
neutron
neutral
elements
substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler substances
what are the 6 elements all living organisms have
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorous
compounds
Form when electrons from elements
are either attracted to, shared with or transferred from one to another via a chemical bond
ionic
electrons transfer from one element to another, oppositely charged ions are attracted
hydrogen
interaction between slightly charged molecules
covalent
two atoms share one more more pairs of electrons
cohesion & adhesion
the ability to stick to itself and to something else
universal solvent
the medium for biological reactions and processes throughout all life
high specific heat
requires a lot of energy to change states of matter
density
more dense as a liquid than a solid- all due to hydrogen bonding
macromolecules
Carbon chains combined to form the backbone of large molecules- found in all living things
monomers
small, basic units
polymers
complex structures of monomers
list the 4 macromolecules
proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids
monomer of carbohydrates
monosaccaride
polymer of carbohydrates
disaccharides and polysaccharides
function of carbs
short term energy
where are carbs found in
sugar and starches
monomer of lipid
mainly fatty acids
polymer of lipids
fats, oils, steroids
function of lipids
long term energy and insulation
where are lipids found in
fats and oils
what is a phospholipid
make up the plasma membrane of the cell
true or false: fatty acid group is hydrophilic
false
true or false: phosphate group is hydrophilic
true
what is the monomer of proteins
amino acids
what is the polymer of proteins
polypeptide chains
what is the function of proteins
enzymatic reactions, hormones, form bones and muscles
where are proteins found
meats and yogurts
what is the monomer of nucleic acids
nucleotides
what is the polymer of nucleic acids
nucleic acids
what is the function of nucleic acids
store and transport genetic information
where are nucleic acids found in
dna and rna
what are nucleic acids made of
CHONP
what are proteins made of
CHON
what are lipids made of
CHO
what are carbs made of
CHO
