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bio grade 9 > meiosis (f) > Flashcards

meiosis (f) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is meiosis

A

makes sperm and egg cells

reduction division

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2
Q

how many chromosomes are in sperm and egg cells

A

23 chromosomes

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3
Q

what is reduction division

A

starter cells should be primary sperm to cycle (in male) or primary oocyte (in females)

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4
Q

how many divisions is in meiosis

A

2

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5
Q

interphase

A

growth
dna replication
cell functions

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6
Q

how many chromatids are in 46 chromosomes

A

96 chromatids

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7
Q

prophase 1

A

chromosomes condense and thicken

line up with homologous pairs

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8
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

same size (approximately) and match up, happens during prophase 1

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9
Q

crossing over

A

transferring genetic information

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10
Q

metaphase 1

A

chromosomes are going to the middle of the cell
still in pairs
not single line

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11
Q

anaphase 1

A

chromosomes are going to be pulled away by spindle fibers

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12
Q

telophase 1

A

two newly formed nucleus
two new cells
cytokinesis starts

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13
Q

prophase 2

A

no homologous pairs

chromosomes and spindle fibers form

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14
Q

metaphase 2

A

chromosomes line up in the middle (single file line)

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15
Q

anaphase 2

A

chromatids get pulled away by spindle fibers

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16
Q

telophase 2

A

nuclei reform
2 cells are going to divide (4 cells are formed, not identical)
cyctokenesis splits cytoplasm

17
Q

what is the end result of meiosis?

A

4 male sperm cells

18
Q

are the 4 sperm cells from the end result of meiosis identical?

A

they are not identical and different from original and other cells

19
Q

what are two differences between meiosis 1 and meiosis 2

A

meiosis 1 -> homologous chromosomes separate
meiosis 2 -> sister chromatids separate
meiosis 2 -> produces 4 haploid daughter cells
meiosis 1 -> produces 2 diploid daughter cells

20
Q

what is nondisjuntion

A

the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate during division

21
Q

somatic cells

A

any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.

22
Q

sex cells

A

organism’s reproductive cells

23
Q

sister chromatids

A

condensed dna that are identical, made of chromatin

24
Q

chromosomes

A

two chromatids put together by a centromere

25
Q

fertilization

A

combining gametes

26
Q

zygote

A

a single cell that contains genes from parents

27
Q

gamete

A

sperm and egg cells

28
Q

diploid

A

same number of chormosmes as parent cell

29
Q

what’s the difference between a sex cell and a body cell

A

sex cell -> reproduction
body cells -> every day tasks
sex cells -> one set of chromosomes
body cells -> two sets of chromosomes

bio grade 9 (18 decks)

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