enzymes and atp quiz Flashcards
what is a chemical reaction?
the breaking and creating of bonds between different substances
do chemical reactions require energy?
yes
what is activation energy?
the amount of energy needed to make a chemical reaction start
what are reactants?
substances that are changed during a reaction
what are products?
substances that are made by a chemical reaction
does endothermic reactions absorb or release energy?
absorbs
does exothermic reactions release or absorb energy?
release
what is the formula for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2
is photosynthesis an endothermic or exothermic reaction
endothermic
what is the formula for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O
is cellular respiration endothermic or exothermic?
exothermic
Enzymes are a type of _____
protein
What is an enzyme?
Speeds up biochemical reactions by lowering activation energy
what is a catalyst?
helps speed up reactions
Are enzymes changed in a reaction? Can they used be many times?
They are not changed in a reaction, and can be used many times
What do enzymes have? What is this also called?
An active site that can only fit one substrate; lock and key model
What is induced fit?
active site changes shape to bind the substrate
what prefix is all enzymes in?
-ase
what prefix is all sugars in?
-ose
what is lactose?
a disaccharide and two sugars
what is lactase?
ability to break lactose into smaller parts
what is lactose intolerant?
can’t drink or eat certain things and can’t break down lactose without lactase
what does denatured mean?
becomes distorted and cannot bind its substate
what are the 5 ways to change the rate of a chemical reaction?
temperature, pH, substrate concentration, catalysts, or competitive inhibitor
temperature of a chemical reaction
increasing temperature increases the rate of reaction; molecules are moving faster
pH in a chemical reaction
how acidic a solution is; most enzymes only work at very specific pH
substrate concentration in a chemical reaction
the higher the amount of substrate, the faster the reaction
catalysts in chemical reaction
speeds up reaction
competitive inhibitor in chemical reactions
slows down reactions, opposite of catalysts
when does the energy from ATP come from?
carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
carbohydrates
most commonly broken down for ATP
lipids
broken down after carbs
proteins
least likely to be broken down for energy
how to make ATP?
cells must join together ADP and a phosphate using energy from food
when atp is broken down, does it release or absorb energy?
release
what is the structure of ATP?
nitrogen base, sugar ring, and 3 phosphate groups
true or false: atp is changed back into adp when a phosphate
false
is adp or atp recycled?
adp
what is chemiosmosis
movement of ions down a concentration gradient
what is ATP synthase?
used to add the 3rd phosphate to ADP to make ATP, using energy from the food you eat
How do dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis interact with ATP?
Dehydration synthesis is defined as the construction of monomers into polymers. Hydrolysis is the breakdown of polymers into monomers. An example of this would be lactose is broken down into glucose (hydrolysis). ATP is the result of cellular respiration, which is an exothermic reaction.
What is a eukaryote?
A cell with membranes and organelles
What is a prokaryote?
They are cells that lack membranes or organelles.
