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bio grade 9 > immune system (f) > Flashcards

immune system (f) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is immunity

A

Resistance to an infection and defenses against disease

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2
Q

what are the two types of immunity

A

specific and non specific

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3
Q

nonspecific (innate)

A

1st and 2nd line of deffense

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4
Q

specific (acquired)

A

3rd line of defense

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5
Q

first line of defense

A

structural defense

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6
Q

example of 1st line of defense

A

skin and mucus

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7
Q

2nd line of defense

A

cell mediated, Macrophages surround & destroy any foreign matter

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8
Q

examples of 2nd line of defense

A

Fever & swelling/Inflammation

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9
Q

3rd line of defense

A

Lymphocytes (white blood cells)

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10
Q

what are the two types of white blood cells

A

b cells and t cells

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11
Q

b cells mature

A

mature in the bone marrow

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12
Q

examples of b cells

A

antibodies, plasma cells

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13
Q

t cells mature

A

mature in the thymus

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14
Q

example of t cells

A

Killer T & Helper T cells

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15
Q

what is a virus

A

it’s nonliving

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16
Q

example of macrophage

A

lysosomes

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17
Q

example of virus infections

A

cold, flu, HIV, Hepatitis, measles

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18
Q

example of bacterial infections

A

Bubonic plague, Lymes Disease, Strep throat

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19
Q

what are viral infections

A

Only reproduce INSIDE of a cell, they CANNOT live on their own!
They are non-living and require our cells to survive

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20
Q

three shapes to the bacteria

A

circle, rod, sphere

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21
Q

how does bacterial infections reproduce

A

binary fission

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22
Q

what are spike proteins

A

feature of all viruses

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23
Q

what is apc

A

antigen presenting cells

24
Q

who are the middle man of the immune system

A

helper t cells

25
Q

killer t cells

A

look for cells with that specific antigen and destroy them

26
Q

memory cells

A

b cell ready to release antibodies if infected again

27
Q

Considered the “middle man” of the immune system

A

Helper T Cells

28
Q

A fever is part of the..

A

Innate Immune System

29
Q

Skin is part of the…

A

Innate Immune System

30
Q

Antigens are part of the…

A

Acquired Immune System

31
Q

Memory Cells are part of the…

A

Acquired Immune System

32
Q

Inflammation is part of the…

A

Innate Immune System

33
Q

Our body’s first line of defense against a pathogen is

A

Skin & Mucus

34
Q

Once a macrophage as digested a pathogen, it presents the antigen to a…

A

Helper T Cell

35
Q

Which cells are responsible for destroying infected cells?

A

Killer T Cells

36
Q

Which cells are responsible for communicating the message of the shape of the antigen?

A

Helper T Cells

37
Q

Antibodies come from…

A

B Cells

38
Q

An antibody is a…

A

Protein

39
Q

T/F Antibodies are specific to antigens

A

True

40
Q

Memory cells are made from…

A

B Cells

41
Q

An invader/bad particle in our body

A

Antigen/pathogen

42
Q

Chemical that swells

A

Histamine

43
Q

What type of vaccine is the Covid-19 vaccine?

A

mRNA

44
Q

What is the unifying feature of all Covid-19 variants?

A

Spike Protein

45
Q

Bacteria is

A

living

46
Q

Antibiotics work against…

A

Bacteria

47
Q

A flu vaccine is usually made with…

A

Live/weakened strand

48
Q

macrophage

A

links nonspecific and specific

49
Q

What mRNA does & what it’s coding for specifically

A

Our bodies use the mRNA to code spike proteins out of ribosomes

50
Q

Organelle that reads/processes the mRNA

A

macrophages, they break down the virus

51
Q

The protein that your body will see as a pathogen

A

Spiked proteins is a pathogen because since it is foreign, our body will want to destroy it

52
Q

The importance of B cells

A

B Cells create the antibodies to stop antigens from infecting cells. They are engulfed by macrophages.

53
Q

what are memory cells

A

immunity

54
Q

what does helper t cells bind to

A

APC

55
Q

what does htc do

A

alert b cells to antigen

56
Q

Complete the sentence: A Killer T Cell will destroy any and all _______________ while an antibody will attach to and deactivate any and all ______________.

A

Antigens / Infected Cells

57
Q

Antibodies are considered…

A

bio grade 9 (18 decks)

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