other terms to study (f) Flashcards
what are the building blocks of DNA
nucleotides
tetrads
group of four
allele
gene in chromosome
what is the style of DNA replication
semi conservative
what are the backbones of DNA held together by
covalent bond
what are base pair complements held by
hydrogen bond
incomplete dominance
neither allele is completely dominant or recessive
zygote
a single cell that contains genes from parents
chromatin
a combination of DNA and its histone proteins in the nucleus
chromosome
piece of chromatin that has folded many times to form a thick structure that stains dark and is visible with a light microscope
what is the original strand in DNA replication
template strand
independent assortnments
chromosomes sort independently of one another and there is no effect.
law of segregation
all cells under hormones will receive equal chromosomes
examples of non mendelian inheritance
incomplete dominance and codominance
Rule that polymerase follows when adding nucleotides
base pairing rule
Place blood exits the heart to travel to the body
aorta
The traits that this individual would express: Aa
dominant
difference between sex and body cell
sex cells have one set of chromosomes while body cells have two sets of chromosomes
what is transcription?
massages dna and polymerase connects complementary RNA bases to DNA
1st step of transcription
- dna is unzipped at the genes that are needed to be copied
what is translation
interpreting the rna message into a protein
1st step of translation
- codons from mRNA are ready by the ribosomes
the force of blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels
blood vessels
one small portion of chromatin with the instructions to build one protein
gene
the carbons on the nitrogen base are numbers
prime
sex cells
organisms’s reproductive cells
zygote
a single cell that contains genes from parents
heterozygous
Two different alleles from particular gene or genes
recessive trait
Two recessive alleles
dominant trait
dominant allele
pedigree
A family generation chart where you can see who has certain traits
2nd step of transcription
- rna polymerase uses a strand of dna to watch rna nucleotide with the DNA nucleotides, this creates mRNA
3rd step of transcription
- dna zips back together and the mrna leaves the nucleus heads back to the cytoplasm
2nd step of translation
- tRNA brings in the amino acids that matches the mRNA codon
3rd step of translation
- ribosomes read the mRNA in a 5’->3’ direction
