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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (LEC) > Protein part 3 > Flashcards

Protein part 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the normal A/G ratio?

A

1.3 - 3:1

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2
Q

liver diseases, infectious diseases, multiple myeloma,

A

Low A/G ratio

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3
Q
  • complexes with trypsin in blood to inactivate it
  • Accounts to the majority of the alpha 1 globulins.
A

a-1-antitrypsin

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4
Q

increased in amniotic fluid and maternal serum in neural tube defects (spina bifida)

A

b. a-1-fetoprotein

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5
Q
  • Liver tumor marker
A

b. a-1-fetoprotein

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6
Q
  • Decreased in maternal serum during pregnancy associated with Down’s syndrome
A

b. a-1-fetoprotein

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7
Q
  • Carrier for steroid hormones
A

c. a-1-acid glycoprotein

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8
Q
  • Binds free hemoglobin
A

Haptoglobin

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9
Q

acute phase and nephrotic syndrome

A

Haptoglobin increases

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10
Q

Haptoglobin decreases in?

A

hemolysis and liver disease

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11
Q

transports heme

A

Hemopexin

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12
Q

Contains copper but does not transport it

A

Ceruloplasmin (oxidase)

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13
Q

Transport copper

A

Blue alpha 2 globulin

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14
Q
  • ____________ copper in plasma is bound to ceruloplasmin
A

90-95%

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15
Q

acute phase and pregnancy and in Wilson’s disease

A

Ceruloplasmin decreases

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16
Q

Associated with low ceruloplasmin levels leading to low serum copper and copper overload in tissues (will have deposits)

A

Wilson’s disease

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17
Q
  • Carrier for iron (transferrin) and lipids (lipoproteins)
A

Beta-globulins

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18
Q

Identical to light chains excreted in the urine of the patients with multiple myeloma

A

Bence Jones Proteins

19
Q

Bence Jones Proteins precipitate at ___________ and dissolves at _____________?

A

40-60◦C
100◦C

20
Q

method used when identifying Bence Jones proteins

A

Immunofixation

21
Q

Heme containing protein found in the striated skeletal and cardiac muscles

A

Myoglobin

22
Q

Can be used as a marker for acute myocardial infection

A

Myoglobin

23
Q

Myoglobin rises, peaks and returns to normal at?

A
  • Rises at 1-3hrs ;
  • Peaks at 5-12hrs and
  • returns to normal in 18-30hrs
24
Q

Specific for heart muscles

A

The cardiac isoforms of TNI AND TnT

25
Q

Cardiac Troponin T rises, peaks and remains elevated at?

A
  • Rises within 3-4hrs;
  • Peaks at 10-24hrs and
  • remains elevated up to 10-14 days
26
Q

Cardiac Troponin I rises, peaks and remains elevated at?

A
  • Rises within 3-6hrs;
  • Peaks at 14-24hrs and
  • returns to normal in 5-10 days.
27
Q
  • Specimen preferred for protein determination
A

SERUM

28
Q
  • Protein in the CSF is less than _______ compared to plasma protein.
A

1%

29
Q

Direct optical method’s absorbance of UV light is at _____ or __________ and ___________

A

225nm
210nm
210-290nm

30
Q

Is used to measure protein concentration and this applied to monitor chromatography separation of peptide and proteins.

A

Direct optical method

31
Q

What is the average nitrogen content of protein?

A

16%

32
Q

The actual Nitrogen content of serum protein ranges from___________

A

15.1 to 16.8.

33
Q

Some ref prefer _________ which is the average Nitrogen content of different protein

A

6.54

34
Q

Multiply N by?

A

6.25

35
Q
  • Albumin : ______
  • Alpha: _____
  • Beta: _______
  • Gamma Globulin: _____
A
  • Albumin : 6.53
  • Alpha: 6.63
  • Beta: 6.78
  • Gamma Globulin: 6.52
36
Q

Nitrogen is converted into NH3 by using?

A

H2SO4

37
Q

INTERFERENCES THAT CAN BE ENCOUNTERED IN KJELDAHL METHOD?

A

a. NPN (Nonprotein Nitrogen)
b. Urea
c. Amino acids

38
Q

What are the steps in Kjeldahl method?

A

Initial precipitation
Acid digestion
Ammonium ions

39
Q

In the initial precipitation, - Serum proteins are precipitated using organic acids such as ____________?

A

Trichloroacetic acid/ Tungstic acid

40
Q
  • Serum proteins are precipitated using organic acids such as Trichloroacetic acid/ Tungstic acid
A

Initial precipitation

41
Q

In what way does ammonium ions are released from Nitrogen?

A

Heating with sulfuric acid in the presence of a catalyst at 340-360C

42
Q

To release ammonium ions from Nitrogen containing compounds by heating with Sulfuric acid in the presence of a catalyst (Cupric sulfate, Potassium sulfate, Hydrogen peroxide with Mercury or copper) at 340-360◦C

A

Acid digestion

43
Q

Ammonium formed are quantitated by alkalization- distillation- acid titration or Nesslerization is done using Alkali Boric acid and HCl whereas Nesslerization is used using Kinhgi2

A

Ammonium ions

44
Q

by alkalization- distillation- acid titration or Nesslerization is done using?

A

Alkali Boric acid and HCl and KINHGI2

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (LEC) (23 decks)

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