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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (LEC) > LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS part 1 > Flashcards

LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are lipids composed of?

A

Carbon-hydrogen bond

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2
Q

Lipids is also referred to as?

A

bodies petroleum industry

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3
Q

What is the reason why Lipids are also referred to as bodies petroleum industry?

A

 because it contains CHO

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4
Q

What is the primary source of fuel for the body?

A

Lipids

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5
Q

Lipids is the __________ of fuel for the body

A

Primary source

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6
Q

Why are lipids insoluble in blood and water but soluble in organic solvents?

A

Because Lipids are non polar

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7
Q

How are lipids transported in the body?

A

Lipids are transported in the body by lipoproteins.

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8
Q

What are the major types of lipids?

A

Phospholipids,
Cholesterol,
Triglyceride,
Fatty acid, and
Fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).

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9
Q

What is the most abundant lipid derived from phosphatidic acid?

A

Phospholipids

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10
Q

Phospholipids are derived from?

A

Phosphatidic acid

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11
Q

How are phospholipids produced?

A

produced from the conjugation of 2 FA and phosphorylated glycerol

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12
Q

What are the phospholipid head groups?

A

choline, inositol, serine, and ethanolamine.

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13
Q

Phospholipid head groups are ___________ this includes choline, inositol, serine, and ethanolamine

A

hydrophilic

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14
Q

How is the structure of phospholipids similar to triglycerides?

A

they have 2 FA and a phospholipid head group attached to the glycerol backbone instead of 3 FA.

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15
Q

What are the two fatty acids in phospholipids?

A

saturated and unsaturated.

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16
Q

Lungs ——-> ________________

A

Type 2 pneumocytes

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17
Q

What is the importance of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

A

contains polar and nonpolar regions.

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18
Q

What are the phospholipids in the body?

A

 Phosphatidyl choline
 Sphingomyelin
 Phosphatidyl serine & Phosphatidyl ethanolamine
 Lysophosphatidyl choline

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19
Q

What are the percentages of phospholipids in the body?

A

 Phosphatidyl choline: comprises of 70-75%
 Sphingomyelin: 18-20%
 Phosphatidyl serine & Phosphatidyl ethanolamine: 3-6%
 Lysophosphatidyl choline: 4-9%

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20
Q

What is the reference value for phospholipids in the body?

A

150-380 mg/dL

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21
Q

FUCTIONS OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS:
 _______fluid surface tension
 ____________ and blood coagulation
 important ___________ for a number of _____________ metabolizing enzymes
 deficiency of surfactant —–> ________

A

Alter
cellular metabolism
substrates, lipoprotein
RDS

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22
Q

What is the common name for phosphatidyl choline?

A

Lecithin

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23
Q

Which phospholipid is commonly found in the myelin sheath of nerve cells?

A

Sphingomyelin

24
Q

Which phospholipid is also known as phosphatidyl ethanolamine?

A

Cephalin

25
Q

Which phospholipid is involved in cellular signaling and membrane structure?

A

Phosphatidyl serine

26
Q

What is the combination of lysolecithin and inositol phosphatide known as?

A

Lysolecithin + Inositol Phosphatide

27
Q

It is the only phospholipid in membrane that is not derived from glycerol.

A

Sphingomyelin

28
Q

Where is Sphingomyelin found?

A

Liver and Spleen

29
Q

What is the disease that is associated with Sphingomyelin?

A

Nieman-pick disease

30
Q

What is the unique structural feature common to all phospholipids?

A

Lipid-bound phosphate

31
Q

What should the L/S (lecithin/sphingomyelin) ratio be for mature lung function?

A

The L/S ratio should be greater than or equal to 2 for mature lung function.

32
Q

Why is fetal lung maturity testing performed before 39 weeks?

A

to ensure the fetus’s lungs are mature enough for birth.

33
Q

What are the methods under Lipids and Phospholipids?

A
  1. Estimation of serum lipid phosphorus
  2. Status of fetal lung maturation - Lecithin/sphingomyelin(L/S) ratio
34
Q

How is phospholipid mass calculated based on phospholipid phosphorus concentration?

A

Phospholipid mass = phospholipid phosphorus concentration x 25

35
Q

What percentage of the total phospholipid mass does each mole of phosphorus contribute?

A

4%

36
Q

How is the status of fetal lung maturation assessed using the Lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio?

A

estimated by evaluating pulmonary surfactant in amniotic fluid, followed by densitometric quantitation of TLC.

37
Q

What is the key factor used to estimate the status of fetal lung maturation?

A

evaluation of pulmonary surfactant in amniotic fluid

38
Q

What method is employed for densitometric quantitation in the assessment of fetal lung maturation?

A

TLC (thin-layer chromatography)

39
Q

What is the other name of cholesterol?

A

3-hydroxy-5,6-cholestene

40
Q

How is cholesterol synthesized?

A

synthesized by animals.

41
Q

What is the role of cholesterol in the body?

A

Cholesterol is a unique lipid that is not readily catabolized by most cells and does not serve as a source of fuel.

42
Q

What is the chemical formula of cholesterol?

A

C27H46O.

43
Q

Unsaturated steroid contains how many rings?

A

4

44
Q

Cholesterol has a single C-H side chain tail similar to ____

A

FA

45
Q

Cholesterol is characterized as?

A

Amphipathic

46
Q

Cholesterol can be found on the ________ of the lipid layers.

A

surface

47
Q

Cholesterol is measured in all adults ______ of age and older.

A

20 years

48
Q

How often should cholesterol levels be measured in adults?

A

At least once every five years.

49
Q

What is the desirable reference value of Cholesterol?

A

Less than or equal to 200mg/dL

50
Q

In interpreting the value of Cholesterol, Borderline and High cholesterol has a reference value of?

A

 Borderline = 200-239 mg/dL
 High cholesterol = > 240 mg/dL

51
Q

In cholesterol, if the value is between 200-239 it is interpreted as?

A

Borderline

52
Q

In cholesterol, if the value is between more than or equal to 240 it is interpreted as?

A

High cholesterol

53
Q

The function of Cholesterol:
- it serves as a part of the _____________ so it is converted in the________ to___________such as the ___________________

A

cell membrane
liver
primary bile acid
cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid

54
Q

promotes fat absorption in the intestine by acting as detergents

A

Fat emulsification

55
Q

Cholesterol can also be ________ to some tissues like the _____________

A

Converted
adrenal gland, testes, the ovaries to steroid hormones

56
Q

What are the 5 major precursor classes of steroids?

A

 progestins,
 glucocorticoids,
 mineralocorticoids,
 androgens
 estrogens.

57
Q

Cholesterol can also be transformed to __________ in the skin from a radiation in sunlight

A

vitamin D3

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (LEC) (23 decks)

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