LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS part 1 Flashcards
What are lipids composed of?
Carbon-hydrogen bond
Lipids is also referred to as?
bodies petroleum industry
What is the reason why Lipids are also referred to as bodies petroleum industry?
because it contains CHO
What is the primary source of fuel for the body?
Lipids
Lipids is the __________ of fuel for the body
Primary source
Why are lipids insoluble in blood and water but soluble in organic solvents?
Because Lipids are non polar
How are lipids transported in the body?
Lipids are transported in the body by lipoproteins.
What are the major types of lipids?
Phospholipids,
Cholesterol,
Triglyceride,
Fatty acid, and
Fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).
What is the most abundant lipid derived from phosphatidic acid?
Phospholipids
Phospholipids are derived from?
Phosphatidic acid
How are phospholipids produced?
produced from the conjugation of 2 FA and phosphorylated glycerol
What are the phospholipid head groups?
choline, inositol, serine, and ethanolamine.
Phospholipid head groups are ___________ this includes choline, inositol, serine, and ethanolamine
hydrophilic
How is the structure of phospholipids similar to triglycerides?
they have 2 FA and a phospholipid head group attached to the glycerol backbone instead of 3 FA.
What are the two fatty acids in phospholipids?
saturated and unsaturated.
Lungs ——-> ________________
Type 2 pneumocytes
What is the importance of phospholipids in the cell membrane?
contains polar and nonpolar regions.
What are the phospholipids in the body?
Phosphatidyl choline
Sphingomyelin
Phosphatidyl serine & Phosphatidyl ethanolamine
Lysophosphatidyl choline
What are the percentages of phospholipids in the body?
Phosphatidyl choline: comprises of 70-75%
Sphingomyelin: 18-20%
Phosphatidyl serine & Phosphatidyl ethanolamine: 3-6%
Lysophosphatidyl choline: 4-9%
What is the reference value for phospholipids in the body?
150-380 mg/dL
FUCTIONS OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS:
_______fluid surface tension
____________ and blood coagulation
important ___________ for a number of _____________ metabolizing enzymes
deficiency of surfactant —–> ________
Alter
cellular metabolism
substrates, lipoprotein
RDS
What is the common name for phosphatidyl choline?
Lecithin
Which phospholipid is commonly found in the myelin sheath of nerve cells?
Sphingomyelin
Which phospholipid is also known as phosphatidyl ethanolamine?
Cephalin
Which phospholipid is involved in cellular signaling and membrane structure?
Phosphatidyl serine
What is the combination of lysolecithin and inositol phosphatide known as?
Lysolecithin + Inositol Phosphatide
It is the only phospholipid in membrane that is not derived from glycerol.
Sphingomyelin
Where is Sphingomyelin found?
Liver and Spleen
What is the disease that is associated with Sphingomyelin?
Nieman-pick disease
What is the unique structural feature common to all phospholipids?
Lipid-bound phosphate
What should the L/S (lecithin/sphingomyelin) ratio be for mature lung function?
The L/S ratio should be greater than or equal to 2 for mature lung function.
Why is fetal lung maturity testing performed before 39 weeks?
to ensure the fetus’s lungs are mature enough for birth.
What are the methods under Lipids and Phospholipids?
- Estimation of serum lipid phosphorus
- Status of fetal lung maturation - Lecithin/sphingomyelin(L/S) ratio
How is phospholipid mass calculated based on phospholipid phosphorus concentration?
Phospholipid mass = phospholipid phosphorus concentration x 25
What percentage of the total phospholipid mass does each mole of phosphorus contribute?
4%
How is the status of fetal lung maturation assessed using the Lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio?
estimated by evaluating pulmonary surfactant in amniotic fluid, followed by densitometric quantitation of TLC.
What is the key factor used to estimate the status of fetal lung maturation?
evaluation of pulmonary surfactant in amniotic fluid
What method is employed for densitometric quantitation in the assessment of fetal lung maturation?
TLC (thin-layer chromatography)
What is the other name of cholesterol?
3-hydroxy-5,6-cholestene
How is cholesterol synthesized?
synthesized by animals.
What is the role of cholesterol in the body?
Cholesterol is a unique lipid that is not readily catabolized by most cells and does not serve as a source of fuel.
What is the chemical formula of cholesterol?
C27H46O.
Unsaturated steroid contains how many rings?
4
Cholesterol has a single C-H side chain tail similar to ____
FA
Cholesterol is characterized as?
Amphipathic
Cholesterol can be found on the ________ of the lipid layers.
surface
Cholesterol is measured in all adults ______ of age and older.
20 years
How often should cholesterol levels be measured in adults?
At least once every five years.
What is the desirable reference value of Cholesterol?
Less than or equal to 200mg/dL
In interpreting the value of Cholesterol, Borderline and High cholesterol has a reference value of?
Borderline = 200-239 mg/dL
High cholesterol = > 240 mg/dL
In cholesterol, if the value is between 200-239 it is interpreted as?
Borderline
In cholesterol, if the value is between more than or equal to 240 it is interpreted as?
High cholesterol
The function of Cholesterol:
- it serves as a part of the _____________ so it is converted in the________ to___________such as the ___________________
cell membrane
liver
primary bile acid
cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid
promotes fat absorption in the intestine by acting as detergents
Fat emulsification
Cholesterol can also be ________ to some tissues like the _____________
Converted
adrenal gland, testes, the ovaries to steroid hormones
What are the 5 major precursor classes of steroids?
progestins,
glucocorticoids,
mineralocorticoids,
androgens
estrogens.
Cholesterol can also be transformed to __________ in the skin from a radiation in sunlight
vitamin D3
