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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (LEC) > LIPIDS AND LIPO PROTEINS part 1 > Flashcards

LIPIDS AND LIPO PROTEINS part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The dietary or exogenous pathway of lipid transport involves absorption of _______ and ____________ through the ___________, with the formation and release of ___________ in the _______ and into the blood by way of the thoracic duct.

A

TG
cholesterol
intestine
chylomicrons
lymph

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2
Q

Where do Chylomicrons release TAG to?

A

Adipose tissue

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3
Q

What do Lipoprotein Lipase liberate from TAG?

A

Fatty acids

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4
Q

These are taken up by muscle and adipose tissue.

A

Fatty acid and TAG

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5
Q

What are the enzymes that participates in Lipoprotein?

A

 Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
 Hepatic lipase
 Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl Transferase (LCAT)
 Endothelial lipase
 ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1)

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6
Q

What is the main purpose of LP?

A

Transport Lipids

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7
Q

These are large macromolecular complexes of lipids with specialized protein.

A

Apolipoproteins

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8
Q

Cholesterol and TAG travel in plasma not as free-floating molecules but as part of water-soluble complexes called _____________.

A

lipoproteins

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9
Q

Vitamin E depend upon ____________ for absorption and relies upon ___________ for delivery to tissues.

A

chylomicrons
VLDL and LDL

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10
Q

It is the protein portion of the lipoprotein

A

Apolipoprotein

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11
Q

What is the function of Apolipoprotein?

A

helps keep the lipid in solution during circulation through the blood stream

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12
Q

What do Apolipoprotein contains?

A

Amphiphatic helix

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13
Q

This is the reason why the proteins are able to bind to the lipids.

A

Amphipatic helix

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14
Q

it maintains the structural integrity of the lipoprotein complex

A

Apolipoprotein (Apo A-1)

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15
Q

it activates LCAT the esterifies cholesterol in the plasma

A

Apo A-1

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16
Q

Where is Apo A-1 synthesize and found?

A

Liver and intestines
HDL

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17
Q

What are the major lipoproteins?

A
  • Chylomicrons
  • Very low density lipoprotein
  • High density lipoprotein
  • Low density lipoprotein
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18
Q

This lipoprotein has the largest and lowest density?

A

Chylomicron

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19
Q

CM contains how many percent of Triglycerides?

A

80-95%

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20
Q

composition of Chylomicrons
 _____ protein
 ______ of cholesterol
 ______ of cholesterol esters
______ of phospholipids

A

1-2%
1-3%
2-4 %
3-6%

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21
Q

it transports exogenous triglycerides that derived from the diet or food

A

Chylomicrons

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22
Q

it causes non-fasting lipemia (turbidity)

A

Chylomicrons

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23
Q

during electrophoresis, chylomicrons __________ in the origin

24
Q

Where is CM produced?

A

Intestines

25
Q

Chylomicrons is completely cleared within __________ postprandial

26
Q

What is the major composition of CM?

A

TAG and protein

27
Q

Apolipoprotein involved in CM?

A

 Apo B-48
 Apo A-1
 Apo C
 Apo E.

28
Q

Where is VLDL secreted?

29
Q

VLDL is also referred to as?

A

pre-B lipoprotein

30
Q

transports endogenous TAG from the liver to muscle, fat depots and peripheral tissues.

31
Q

to which is this composition?
65% TAG + 6-10% protein + 16%CE

32
Q

VLDL contains:
 ______ proteins
 ____________ Cholesterol esters
 __________ of cholesterol
 ______ phospholipids

A

6-10%
16% or 16-22%
4-8%
15-20%

33
Q

What are the Apolipoprotein present in VLDL?

A

 Apo B-100
 Apo-C
 Apo-E

34
Q

This lipoprotein is the smallest but has the highest density and the heaviest among lipoproteins.

35
Q

This is more important that cholesterol or even lipoprotein

A

Phospholipid content

36
Q

HDL migrates a fast test towards the _____when it comes to electrophoresis.

37
Q

What are the other names of HDL.

A

Alpha Lipoprotein
Good cholesterol

38
Q

What is the relationship of HDL to atherosclerosis and CHD?

A

Inversely proportional (The lower the HDL, the higher the risk)

39
Q

This lipoprotein is s responsible for reverse cholesterol transport.

40
Q

What are the chemical composition of HDL?
 __________ of protein - determining factor
 _________- of phospholipids

A

 45-55%
 26-32%

41
Q

What are the CDC reference method of HDL?

A

 Ultracentrifugation
 Abell-Kendal assay (3-step method)

42
Q

To which composition is this?
30% phospholipid + 45-50%protein +20%CE

43
Q

What are the ApoLP present in HDL?

A

 Apo A-1
 Apo A-2
 Apo-C

44
Q

What is the cut off level of HDL?

45
Q

What value is considered high risk for CHD?

46
Q

What value is considered high HDL (considered)?

A

≥60 mg/dL

47
Q

Where is LDL synthesized?

48
Q

What are the other names of LDL?

A

Bad cholesterol
Beta LP

49
Q

LDL is the __________________ from the catabolism of VLDL

A

Major end product

50
Q

LDL constitutes about ___________ of the total LP in plasma.

51
Q

LDL transports CL from __________ to ________ of the body.

A

Liver
Cell

52
Q

What is the relationship of LDL to atherosclerosis and CHD?

A

Directly proportional (the higher the LDL, the higher risk)

53
Q

LDL is composed of:
 __________ CE
 ___________ triglycerides
 ________ protein
 ________ phospholipids

A

 45-50%
 4-8%
 18-22%
 24-28%

54
Q

To which composition is this?
50% CE+ 18% protein and phospholipid

55
Q

What are the LP involved in LDL?

A

 Apo B-100
 Apo E

56
Q

What is the optimal reference value of LDL?

A

<100 mg/dL

57
Q

LDL
Interpretation of results :
 Near/Above optimal = ________
 Borderline = _____________
 High = ____________
 Very high = _____________

A

100-129 mg/dL
130-159mg/dL
160-189 mg/dL
> 190 mg/dL

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (LEC) (23 decks)

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