PROSTATE CANCER

Question 1

Prostate cancer is common in men

Answer 1

over 50

Question 2

95% of prostate cancer is

Answer 2

ADENOCARCINOMA

Question 3

most common cancer diagnosed in men

Answer 3

prostate cancer

Question 4

____ leading cause of cancer deaths is prostate cancer

Answer 4

2nd

Question 5

____ most common male malignancy world wide

Answer 5

4th

Question 6

level standard for prostate cancer testing

Answer 6

PSA and DRE

Question 7

20-40% of men with prostate cancer will have

Answer 7

normal PSA level

Question 8

PSA density is

Answer 8

ratio of PSA to prostate volume

Question 9

PSA variants

Answer 9

PSA density
PSA velocity
Free/total PSA ratio

Question 10

indications for initial biopsy (4)

Answer 10

Abnormal DRE, TRU, PSA, mets

Question 11

first biopsy takes how many samples

Answer 11

10-12 + suspicous area

Question 12

repeat biopsy done when

Answer 12

negative but PSA more than 10, atypical cell, small so might have missed, and active surveillance

Question 13

repeat biopsy # of samples

Answer 13

13 to 15

Question 14

most cancer found where

Answer 14

peripheral

Question 15

position for guided biopsy

Answer 15

left lateral decub

Question 16

how far does biopsy needle go in

Answer 16

2-3 cm

Question 17

side effects of biopsy

Answer 17

blood in urine, stool and sperm for days

discoloured ejaculate for months

Question 18

singnificant side effects of biopsy

Answer 18

sepsis, large hematoma, urinary retention, significant rectal bleeding

Question 19

why is cancer difficult to detect in the inner gland

Answer 19

heterogenous and BPH nodules

Question 20

hardest tumor to detect

Answer 20

anterior midline tumor

Question 21

classic cancer appearance

Answer 21

hypoechoic nodule

Question 22

_____-_____% of cancer not detectable

Answer 22

30-50%

Question 23

__% of cancer is isoechoic

Answer 23

30%

Question 24

alternative cancer appearance

Answer 24

can replace entire peripheral zone making peripheral zone more hypoechoic than inner
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Question 25

what is staging

Answer 25

extent of the disease

Question 26

two types of staging

Answer 26

clinical and pathological

Question 27

clinical staging important for

Answer 27

deciding patient management

Question 28

cTX

Answer 28

can not be assessed

Question 29

cT0

Answer 29

no evidence of tumor

Question 30

CT1

Answer 30

Not palpable and not visible

Question 31

cT2

Answer 31

Palpable and visible

Question 32

cT3a

Answer 32

extended to periprostatic soft tissue

Question 33

cT3b

Answer 33

extended to seminal vesicles

Question 34

T4

Answer 34

TUMOR INVADED OTHER STRUCTURES

Question 35

pathological staging considered

Answer 35

more accurate prognosis

Question 36

pathologiclas staging requires (3)

Answer 36

evaluation of prostate, sv and lymph nodes

Question 37

pT2

Answer 37

organ confined

Question 38

pT3

Answer 38

extraprostatic extension

Question 39

pT4

Answer 39

invasion of rectum, levator muscle ad or pelvic wall