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pelvis > PROSTATE CANCER > Flashcards

PROSTATE CANCER Flashcards

1
Q

Prostate cancer is common in men

A

over 50

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2
Q

95% of prostate cancer is

A

ADENOCARCINOMA

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3
Q

most common cancer diagnosed in men

A

prostate cancer

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4
Q

____ leading cause of cancer deaths is prostate cancer

A

2nd

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5
Q

____ most common male malignancy world wide

A

4th

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6
Q

level standard for prostate cancer testing

A

PSA and DRE

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7
Q

20-40% of men with prostate cancer will have

A

normal PSA level

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8
Q

PSA density is

A

ratio of PSA to prostate volume

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9
Q

PSA variants

A

PSA density
PSA velocity
Free/total PSA ratio

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10
Q

indications for initial biopsy (4)

A

Abnormal DRE, TRU, PSA, mets

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11
Q

first biopsy takes how many samples

A

10-12 + suspicous area

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12
Q

repeat biopsy done when

A

negative but PSA more than 10, atypical cell, small so might have missed, and active surveillance

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13
Q

repeat biopsy # of samples

A

13 to 15

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14
Q

most cancer found where

A

peripheral

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15
Q

position for guided biopsy

A

left lateral decub

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16
Q

how far does biopsy needle go in

A

2-3 cm

17
Q

side effects of biopsy

A

blood in urine, stool and sperm for days

discoloured ejaculate for months

18
Q

singnificant side effects of biopsy

A

sepsis, large hematoma, urinary retention, significant rectal bleeding

19
Q

why is cancer difficult to detect in the inner gland

A

heterogenous and BPH nodules

20
Q

hardest tumor to detect

A

anterior midline tumor

21
Q

classic cancer appearance

A

hypoechoic nodule

22
Q

_____-_____% of cancer not detectable

A

30-50%

23
Q

__% of cancer is isoechoic

A

30%

24
Q

alternative cancer appearance

A

can replace entire peripheral zone making peripheral zone more hypoechoic than inner
\

25
Q

what is staging

A

extent of the disease

26
Q

two types of staging

A

clinical and pathological

27
Q

clinical staging important for

A

deciding patient management

28
Q

cTX

A

can not be assessed

29
Q

cT0

A

no evidence of tumor

30
Q

CT1

A

Not palpable and not visible

31
Q

cT2

A

Palpable and visible

32
Q

cT3a

A

extended to periprostatic soft tissue

33
Q

cT3b

A

extended to seminal vesicles

34
Q

T4

A

TUMOR INVADED OTHER STRUCTURES

35
Q

pathological staging considered

A

more accurate prognosis

36
Q

pathologiclas staging requires (3)

A

evaluation of prostate, sv and lymph nodes

37
Q

pT2

A

organ confined

38
Q

pT3

A

extraprostatic extension

39
Q

pT4

A

invasion of rectum, levator muscle ad or pelvic wall

pelvis (19 decks)

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