endometrial abnormalities Flashcards
large amounts of fluid in endo can be attributed to
cervical stenosis or malignancy
do mesure ______ with endometrial measure
fluid
main indication for endometrial US
bleeding
causes of endo thickening (5)
pregnancy, endometritis, hyperplasisa, polyps, carcinoma (NOT ATROPHY)
3 times endometritis occurs
post partum, D&C and associtated with PID
sono appeance endometritis
thick endo, may have fluidm gas with acoustic shadowing
4 main causes of endo bleeing
hyperplasia, polyp, carcinoma, atrophy
what is endometrial hyperplasia
over growth of endometrial cells/ glands
most common group for endometrial hyperplasia
peri/post menopausal women
endometrial hyperplasia cause
unopposed estrogen stimulation
sono appearance of endometrial hyperplasia
thick echogenic well define endo.
dark spots in endo with endometrial hyperplasia
cystic endometrial hyperplasia
diff D of endometrial hyperplasia
diffuse polyp, carcinoma, atrophy with cystic components
endometrial polyp common in what group
peri/postmenopausal women
endometrial polyp sono appearance
echogenic focal area within endo, probably has same echogenicity as the endo
what is usually seen in colour with endometrial polyp
colour stalk
how do we tell endometrial polyp different from submucosal fibroid
colour stalk
fibroid will be darker and have shadowing and endolayer overtop
good imaging modality for differentiating polyp and fibroid
sonohysterography
treatment of polyps
D/C
most common gynecological malignancy
endometrial carcinoma
most common clincal presentation of endometrial carcinoma
uterine bleeeding
sono apperance of endometrial carcinoma
thickened endo,heterogenous, poorly defined margins, can look like polup or hyperplasia –> likely has fluid in the uterus
how do we tell for sure it endometrial carcinoma
biopsy
Majority of women with Post meno bleeding have
endometiral atrohpy
endometiral atrohpy sono appearance
thin, homogenous and can have cysts
abn size of endo with PMB
> 5mm
abn size of endo without bleeding
> 8mm
size of endo for biopsy without bleeding
> 11mm
what is ashermans syndrome
combination of synchiae that lead to menstural dysfunction or infertility (endometrial adhesions)
use of tamoxifen
used for breast cancer therapy
increase estrogen in post meno
decrease estrogen in pre meno
what changes are common with tamoxifen
cystic changes to the endo (looks like cystic hyperplasia)
what does ashermans syndrome occur from
post trauma, infeciton or post surgical
what can ashermans syndrome cause (4)
infertility, pain, abscence of period or reccurent pregnancy loss
sono appearance asherman
hyperechoic scar tissue in endo (hyperechoic bands)
when is sonohystogram performed
when endo is thinect
endometrial ablation
laser of endo to stop bleeding
what IUD can help with irregular bleeding?
mirena
