endometrial abnormalities

Question 1

large amounts of fluid in endo can be attributed to

Answer 1

cervical stenosis or malignancy

Question 2

do mesure ______ with endometrial measure

Answer 2

fluid

Question 3

main indication for endometrial US

Answer 3

bleeding

Question 4

causes of endo thickening (5)

Answer 4

pregnancy, endometritis, hyperplasisa, polyps, carcinoma (NOT ATROPHY)

Question 5

3 times endometritis occurs

Answer 5

post partum, D&C and associtated with PID

Question 6

sono appeance endometritis

Answer 6

thick endo, may have fluidm gas with acoustic shadowing

Question 7

4 main causes of endo bleeing

Answer 7

hyperplasia, polyp, carcinoma, atrophy

Question 8

what is endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 8

over growth of endometrial cells/ glands

Question 9

most common group for endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 9

peri/post menopausal women

Question 10

endometrial hyperplasia cause

Answer 10

unopposed estrogen stimulation

Question 11

sono appearance of endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 11

thick echogenic well define endo.

Question 12

dark spots in endo with endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 12

cystic endometrial hyperplasia

Question 13

diff D of endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 13

diffuse polyp, carcinoma, atrophy with cystic components

Question 14

endometrial polyp common in what group

Answer 14

peri/postmenopausal women

Question 15

endometrial polyp sono appearance

Answer 15

echogenic focal area within endo, probably has same echogenicity as the endo

Question 16

what is usually seen in colour with endometrial polyp

Answer 16

colour stalk

Question 17

how do we tell endometrial polyp different from submucosal fibroid

Answer 17

colour stalk

fibroid will be darker and have shadowing and endolayer overtop

Question 18

good imaging modality for differentiating polyp and fibroid

Answer 18

sonohysterography

Question 19

treatment of polyps

Answer 19

D/C

Question 20

most common gynecological malignancy

Answer 20

endometrial carcinoma

Question 21

most common clincal presentation of endometrial carcinoma

Answer 21

uterine bleeeding

Question 22

sono apperance of endometrial carcinoma

Answer 22

thickened endo,heterogenous, poorly defined margins, can look like polup or hyperplasia –> likely has fluid in the uterus

Question 23

how do we tell for sure it endometrial carcinoma

Answer 23

biopsy

Question 24

Majority of women with Post meno bleeding have

Answer 24

endometiral atrohpy

Question 25

endometiral atrohpy sono appearance

Answer 25

thin, homogenous and can have cysts

Question 26

abn size of endo with PMB

Answer 26

> 5mm

Question 27

abn size of endo without bleeding

Answer 27

> 8mm

Question 28

size of endo for biopsy without bleeding

Answer 28

> 11mm

Question 29

what is ashermans syndrome

Answer 29

combination of synchiae that lead to menstural dysfunction or infertility (endometrial adhesions)

Question 30

use of tamoxifen

Answer 30

used for breast cancer therapy
increase estrogen in post meno
decrease estrogen in pre meno

Question 31

what changes are common with tamoxifen

Answer 31

cystic changes to the endo (looks like cystic hyperplasia)

Question 32

what does ashermans syndrome occur from

Answer 32

post trauma, infeciton or post surgical

Question 33

what can ashermans syndrome cause (4)

Answer 33

infertility, pain, abscence of period or reccurent pregnancy loss

Question 34

sono appearance asherman

Answer 34

hyperechoic scar tissue in endo (hyperechoic bands)

Question 35

when is sonohystogram performed

Answer 35

when endo is thinect

Question 36

endometrial ablation

Answer 36

laser of endo to stop bleeding

Question 37

what IUD can help with irregular bleeding?

Answer 37

mirena