ABNORMALITIES CONTINUES

Question 1

PID commonly caused by

Answer 1

Gonorrhea and chlamydia

Question 2

PID 3 causes

Answer 2

STI, direct extension and hematogenous spread

Question 3

Symptoms of PID (5)

Answer 3

pain, fever, chills, vaginal discharge and increase WBC

Question 4

What increases risk of PID

Answer 4

IUD

Question 5

route PID spreads

Answer 5

vagina- cervix - uterus (endometritis)- tubes (salpingitis) and then into pelvis (affects both ovaries and peritoneum

Question 6

long term problems f PID

Answer 6

infertility, chronic pelvic pain and increase risk of ectopic

Question 7

3 sonographic findings of PID

Answer 7

endometritis, purulent material in PCDS, periovarian inflammation

Question 8

3 signs of hydrosalphinx

Answer 8

cogwheel, beads on a string, waist sign

Question 9

cogwheels sign appears as

Answer 9

cross section of anechoic tube with echoic nodules around wall
for acute disease

Question 10

beads on a string

Answer 10

Hyperechoic mural nodules within fluid filled tubes

for chronic disease

Question 11

waist sign

Answer 11

hyperechoic septa, good for differentiating hydrosalphinx

Question 12

tubo ovarian complex (PID) appearance

Answer 12

increase echogenic fat
ovary wont seperate from tube
ill defined mass around the uterus

Question 13

tubo ovarian abcess appeance

Answer 13

complec, irregular, scattered internal echoes, gas and debris, posterior enhancement

Question 14

Treatment of PID

Answer 14

mild to moderate - antibiotics

abcess-> hospitalization with iv - may need to aspirate fluid

Question 15

malignant mass features

Answer 15

Irregular multilocular solid tumor Large masses >10cm higher chance of malignancy
Papillary projections
Presence of Ascites
Strong blood flow

Question 16

benign mass features

Answer 16

Benign Features
Unilocular
Small solid component
Presence of acoustic shadows
Smooth tumor <10 cm
No blood flow

Question 17

hematoma appearance over time

Answer 17

anechoic - highly echogenic- more complex- eventually anechoic again

Question 18

3 post operation masses

Answer 18

(all cystic)
lymphocele
uriomas (collection of urine)
seromas (collection of serum)

Question 19

What causes a GI pseudo mass

Answer 19

fecal material in bowel

Question 20

bowel neoplasms can simulate what and give what sign

Answer 20

adnexal mass and show a target sign

Question 21

urinary tract mass that can be palpated on pelvic exam

Answer 21

pelvic kidney

Question 22

what can be mistaken for a cyst in the pelvis (3)

Answer 22

bladder, bladder diverticululm, dialated distal ureter

Question 23

difference between tubo ovarian complex and abcess

Answer 23

abscess you cant see the ovary from the gas