prokaryotic cell structure + function

Question 1

what is the average size of prokaryotes

Answer 1

0.2-2um in diameter, 2-8um in length

Question 2

what units of measurement do we use for prokaryotes

Answer 2

micrometers and nanometers

Question 3

what are the 3 common shapes of bacteria

Answer 3

cocci, bacilli, and spirals

Question 4

describe cocci

Answer 4

round, but can be oval, elongated, or flattened on one side

Question 5

describe bacilli

Answer 5

rod-shaped, ends of rods may be tapered, rounded, flat, or bifurcated

Question 6

what do we call bacilli that may appear as cocci

Answer 6

coccobacilli

Question 7

describe spirals

Answer 7

have one or more twists, are never straight

Question 8

helical and rigid spirals are called

Answer 8

Spirillum

Question 9

helical and flexible spirals are called

Answer 9

Spirochetes

Question 10

helical and comma-shaped spirals are called

Answer 10

Vibrio

Question 11

what is the most common shape of bacteria

Answer 11

cocci or bacilli

Question 12

T or F; filamentous bacteria exist

Answer 12

true

Question 13

list the 5 arrangements of cocci

Answer 13

diplococci, streptococci, staphylococci, tetrads, sarcinae

Question 14

what are diplococci

Answer 14

pairs of cocci

Question 15

what are streptococci

Answer 15

long chains of cocci

Question 16

what are staphylococci

Answer 16

irregular grape-like clusters

Question 17

what are tetrads of cocci

Answer 17

square groups of four cells

Question 18

what are sarcinae

Answer 18

cubelike groups of eight cocci

Question 19

what 3 arrangements of bacilli are there

Answer 19

single rods, diplobacilli, streptobacilli

Question 20

what are diplobacilli

Answer 20

pairs of bacilli

Question 21

what are streptobacilli

Answer 21

chains of bacilli

Question 22

what arrangements do spirals have

Answer 22

they usually occur singly

Question 23

what is the name for a bacteria that are variable in shape

Answer 23

pleomorphic

Question 24

what is the shape of bacteria determined by

Answer 24

heredity or environmental conditions