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BIOL 2330 - microbiology > domain eukarya > Flashcards

domain eukarya Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two main groups in domain eukarya

A

protists and fungi

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2
Q

which type of organisms contain ribosomes

A

both pro and eu

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3
Q

where in the cell are ribosomes found

A

free in the cytosol or bound to the ER (RER for eukaryotes or nuclear envelope)

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4
Q

what do ribosomes do

A

site of protein synthesis

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5
Q

what are the ribosome subunits

A

30 + 50 = 70 for pro
40 + 60 = 80 for eu

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6
Q

what organism types have golgi bodies

A

eukaryotes only

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7
Q

function of golgi apparatus

A

packing and transporting cell materials

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8
Q

what system is the golgi apart of

A

endomembrane system

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9
Q

what fun thing does the structure of the golgi have

A

a cis and trans face

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10
Q

what organism types have a cell wall

A

both eu and pro

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11
Q

where in the cell in the cell wall located

A

exterior to the PM

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12
Q

what is the cell wall made of

A

peptidoglycan = pro, chitin and cellulose = eu

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13
Q

function of cell wall

A

maintain cell shape

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14
Q

do archaea have a cell wall

A

no

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15
Q

what do archaea have instead of a cell wall

A

their outer layers have lots of variation, none of which are made of peptidoglycan

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16
Q

what is the cell wall made of in protists

A

silica or calcium carbonate

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17
Q

which cell types have a nucleolus

A

eukaryotes only

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18
Q

where in the cell is the nucleolus

A

within the nucleus

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19
Q

function of the nucleolus

A

produces ribosomal subunits and rRNa, and it’s the site of ribosomal subunit assembly

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20
Q

which organism types have lysosomes

A

eukaryotes only

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21
Q

function of lysosomes

A

helps in the elimination of dead and non functioning organelles, brings in food via phagocytic vacuole (ie used for breaking down food)

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22
Q

what makes lysosomes able to break things down

A

contains protons (acidic), and hydrolytic enzymes (ie hydrolases)

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23
Q

what is the lysosome surrounded by

A

a single membrane

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24
Q

what type of organisms have smooth ER

A

eukaryotes only

25
Q

function of smooth ER

A

synthesis of lipids, detoxification, stores Ca, transports materials

26
Q

T or F: smooth ER has ribosomes

A

false; has no ribosomes

27
Q

what types of organisms have cytoskeleton

A

both pro and eu

28
Q

function of cytoskeleton

A

maintains cell structure, gives cell its shape, keeps organelles bound in the cell

29
Q

structure of cytoskeleton

A

eu: actin filaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
pro: has homologues of these structures

30
Q

what types of organisms have nucleus

A

eukaryotes only

31
Q

function of nucleus

A

stores genetic material, controls cell activities, site of replication and transcription, contains pores for nuclear export, contains nucleolus

32
Q

what is the nuclear envelope

A

the inner and outer membrane of the nucleus

33
Q

what types of organisms have a rough ER

A

eukaryotes only

34
Q

function of rough ER

A

site of protein synthesis, transports material to the golgi

35
Q

what is the rough ER

A

an internal membrane system that’s part of the endomembrane system. It’s continuous with the nuclear envelope and studded with ribosomes

36
Q

what types of organisms have cilia

A

eukaryotic only

37
Q

structure of cilia within the cell

A

protrude from the cell and is surrounded by the PM. Forms hairlike structures on the outside of the cell

38
Q

function of cilia

A

helps in cell movement, traps bacteria/pathogens, aids in adhesion

39
Q

what are cilia made of

A

microtubules

40
Q

what types of organelles have mitochondria

A

eukaryotes only

41
Q

function of mitochondria

A

produces ATP, Krebs cycle and ETC happens here

42
Q

what special thing do mitochondria have

A

70S ribosomes and a circular form of DNA

43
Q

what types of organisms have chloroplasts

A

eukaryotes only

44
Q

function of chloroplasts

A

traps light in chlorophyll and converts light energy into chemical energy in photosynthesis. Thylakoid lumen and membrane are involved in the light reaction

45
Q

structure of chloroplasts

A

inner and outer membrane, thylakoid stacks (grana) and stroma, and 70S ribosomes

46
Q

what types of organisms have nucleoid

A

prokaryotes only

47
Q

function of nucleoid

A

contains a circular bacterial chromosome

48
Q

is the nucleoid membrane bound

49
Q

describe the dna in the nucleoid

A

compact with the use of nucleoid associated proteins

50
Q

what organisms have flagella

A

both pro and eu

51
Q

function of flagella

A

helps in movement and motility (swarming, runs and tumbled)

52
Q

orientation of flagella in bacteria

A

peri, amphi, lopho, and monotrichous

53
Q

structure of flagella

A

filament, hook, basal body

54
Q

what is the flagella made of

A

bacteria: flagellin
eu: microtubules

55
Q

what organism types have a PM

A

both pro and eu

56
Q

function of PM

A

manages cellular traffic, cell shape, and osmotic stress

57
Q

structure of PM

A

phospholipid bilayer (made of glycerol and fatty acids), contains peripheral and integral membrane proteins, cholesterol (animals only) or hopanoids (bacteria only), sphingolipids (eu only)

58
Q

what two organelles have their own 70S ribosomes

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts

59
Q

what is endosymbiotic theory

A

organelles within the cells of eukaryotes such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, had descended from independent bacteria that came to live symbiotically within other cells

BIOL 2330 - microbiology (30 decks)

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