PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROCESSES

Question 1

What is a process?

Answer 1

A process is a set of interrelated actions and activities performed to create a pre-specified product, service, or
result.

Question 2

What are the two aspects to be considered for every process even if they are not explicitly listed as inputs in the process specification?

Answer 2

organizational process assets and
enterprise environmental factors. Organizational process assets provide guidelines and criteria
for tailoring the organization’s processes to the specific needs of the project. Enterprise environmental factors may
constrain the project management options.

Question 3

What should project team do in order for a project to be successful?

Answer 3

• Select appropriate processes required to meet the project objectives;
• Use a defined approach that can be adapted to meet requirements;
• Establish and maintain appropriate communication and engagement with stakeholders;
• Comply with requirements to meet stakeholder needs and expectations; and
• Balance the competing constraints of scope, schedule, budget, quality, resources, and risk to produce the
specified product, service, or result.

Question 4

What are the two major categories project processes?

Answer 4

• Project management processes. These processes ensure the effective flow of the project throughout
its life cycle. These processes encompass the tools and techniques involved in applying the skills and
capabilities described in the Knowledge Areas (Sections 4 through 13).
• Product-oriented processes. These processes specify and create the project’s product. Productoriented
processes are typically defined by the project life cycle (as discussed in Section 2.4) and vary
by application area as well as the phase of the product life cycle. The scope of the project cannot be
defined without some basic understanding of how to create the specified product. For example, various
construction techniques and tools need to be considered when determining the overall complexity of the
house to be built.

Question 5

What are the five Project Management Process categories known as Project Management Process Groups (or Process Groups)

Answer 5

• Initiating Process Group. Those processes performed to define a new project or a new phase of an
existing project by obtaining authorization to start the project or phase.
• Planning Process Group. Those processes required to establish the scope of the project, refine the
objectives, and define the course of action required to attain the objectives that the project was undertaken
to achieve.
• Executing Process Group. Those processes performed to complete the work defined in the project
management plan to satisfy the project specifications.
• Monitoring and Controlling Process Group. Those processes required to track, review, and regulate the
progress and performance of the project; identify any areas in which changes to the plan are required;
and initiate the corresponding changes.
• C losing Process Group. Those processes performed to finalize all activities across all Process Groups to
formally close the project or phase.

Question 6

What is the process group containing processes that occur at the same time as processes contained within other process groups?

Answer 6

Processes within Monitoring and Controlling process group. As such it is a background process group.

Question 7

What is incremental deliverable?

Answer 7

Deliverables at the subproject or project level may be called incremental deliverables

Question 8

Relationships between Process Groups and Project Life Cycle Phases

Answer 8

The Process Groups are not project life cycle phases.it is
possible that all Process Groups could be conducted within a phase
Process Groups would normally be repeated for each phase or subcomponent

Question 9

How is project management processes grouped?

Answer 9

Project management processes are shown in the process group where most of the related activities take place. For example, a process that normally takes place in the planning phase is put into the Planning Process
Group. When this process is updated by an Executing Process Group process or activity, it is not considered a new
process within the Executing Process Group but is still a Planning Process Group process or activity

Question 10

What does it mean to say that project management is iterative in nature?

Answer 10

The iterative
nature of project management means that processes from any group may be reused throughout the project life
cycle. For example, in response to a risk event, executing a risk response may trigger further analysis, which leads
to another iteration of the Identify Risks process and the associated Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis and Perform
Quantitative Risk Analysis processes to evaluate the impact

Question 11

What does initiating process group contain?

Answer 11

The Initiating Process Group consists of those processes performed to define a new project or a new phase
of an existing project by obtaining authorization to start the project or phase. Within the Initiating processes, the
initial scope is defined and initial financial resources are committed. Internal and external stakeholders who
will interact and influence the overall outcome of the project are identified. If not already assigned, the project
manager will be selected. This information is captured in the project charter and stakeholder register

Question 12

When is a project officially authorized to start?

Answer 12

When the

project charter is approved, the project becomes officially authorized

Question 13

What is a project’s boundary?

Answer 13

A project boundary is defined as the point in time that

a project or project phase is authorized to its completion.

Question 14

What is the key purpose of initiating process group?

Answer 14

The key purpose of this Process Group is to align the
stakeholders’ expectations with the project’s purpose, give them visibility about the scope and objectives, show
how their participation in the project and it associated phases can ensure that their expectations are achieved.

Question 15

How is initiating processes are handled for large and complex projects?

Answer 15

In such projects, the Initiating processes are
carried out during subsequent phases to validate the decisions made during the original Develop Project Charter
and Identify Stakeholders processes. Performing the Initiating processes at the start of each phase helps to keep
the project focused on the business need that the project was undertaken to address. The success criteria are
verified, and the influence, drivers and objectives of the project stakeholders are reviewed. A decision is then
made as to whether the project should be continued, delayed, or discontinued

Question 16

What is the benefit of involving the sponsors, customers, and other stakeholders during initiation

Answer 16

It creates a shared understanding of
success criteria, reduces the overhead of involvement, and generally improves deliverable acceptance, customer
satisfaction, and other stakeholder satisfaction

Question 17

Describe the scenario where Initiating processes may be performed at the organizational, program, or portfolio level and therefore, would
be outside of the project’s level of control

Answer 17

prior to commencing a project, the need for high-level
requirements may be documented as part of a larger organizational initiative. A process of evaluating alternatives
may be utilized to determine the feasibility of the new undertaking. Clear descriptions of the project objectives may
be developed, including the reasons why a specific project is the best alternative to satisfy the requirements. The
documentation for this decision may also contain the initial project scope statement, deliverables, project duration,
and a forecast of the resources for the organization’s investment analysis

Question 18

What is the authority given to PM as part of initiating processes?

Answer 18

As part of the Initiating processes, the

project manager is given the authority to apply organizational resources to the subsequent project activities

Question 19

What does Planning Process Group consists?

Answer 19

The Planning Process Group consists of those processes performed to establish the total scope of the effort,
define and refine the objectives, and develop the course of action required to attain those objectives. The Planning
processes develop the project management plan and the project documents that will be used to carry out the
project

Question 20

What is progressive elaboration?

Answer 20

As more project information or characteristics are gathered and understood, additional planning will
likely be required. Significant changes occurring throughout the project life cycle trigger a need to revisit one
or more of the planning processes and possibly some of the initiating processes. This progressive detailing of
the project management plan is called progressive elaboration, indicating that planning and documentation are
iterative and ongoing activities

Question 21

What is the key benefit of the planning process group?

Answer 21

The key benefit of this Process Group is to delineate the strategy and tactics as
well as the course of action or path to successfully complete the project or phase. When the Planning Process
Group is well managed, it is much easier to get stakeholder buy-in and engagement. These processes express
how this will be done, setting the route to the desired objective

Question 22

What are the aspects explored as part of project management plan and project documents developed as outputs from the Planning Process Group?

Answer 22

The project management plan and project documents developed as outputs from the Planning Process Group
will explore all aspects of the scope, time, cost, quality, communications, human resources, risks, procurement,
and stakeholder engagement.

Question 23

Can the act of collecting feedback and refining the plan continue indefinitely?

Answer 23

No. procedures set by the organization dictate when the initial
planning ends

Question 24

What does Executing Process Group consists of?

Answer 24

The Executing Process Group consists of those processes performed to complete the work defined in the
project management plan to satisfy the project specifications. This Process Group involves coordinating people and
resources, managing stakeholder expectations, as well as integrating and performing the activities of the project in
accordance with the project management plan.

Question 25

Where will be a large portion of the project’s budget expended?

Answer 25

In performing the Executing

Process Group processes

Question 26

What does monitoring and controlling process group consists?

Answer 26

The Monitoring and Controlling Process Group consists of those processes required to track, review, and
orchestrate the progress and performance of the project; identify any areas in which changes to the plan are
required; and initiate the corresponding changes

Question 27

What are the other key points involved in Monitoring and Controlling Process

Answer 27

• Controlling changes and recommending corrective or preventive action in anticipation of possible
problems,
• Monitoring the ongoing project activities against the project management plan and the project
performance measurement baseline, and
• Influencing the factors that could circumvent integrated change control or configuration management
so only approved changes are implemented.

Question 28

What are the typical activities that may occur at the closure of a project?

Answer 28

• Obtain acceptance by the customer or sponsor to formally close the project or phase,
• Conduct post-project or phase-end review,
• Record impacts of tailoring to any process,
• Document lessons learned,
• Apply appropriate updates to organizational process assets,
• Archive all relevant project documents in the project management information system (PMIS) to be used
as historical data,
• Close out all procurement activities ensuring termination of all relevant agreements, and
• Perform team members’ assessments and release project resources.