Principles of Neuroscience Lecture 19 Memory I Flashcards
What are the different types of implicit memory?
Describe each
- Sensitisation: we become habituated to a certain stimulus, and we no longer perceive it
- Conditioning: one stimulus signals for another stimulus
- Operant conditioning: our response depends on the outcome of the stimulus
- Procedural: walking, running etc
What are the two different types of memory?
Describe each briefly
Explicit: facts, working memory if short term
Implicit: long term memory of processes that can’t be explained
What is working memory an example of ?
Explicit memory
Where is working memory stored?
Prefrontal cortex
Intra parietal cortex
What are the components of working memory?
- Central executive
- Phonological loop
- Spatiotemporal sketch pad
What is a memory trace, and how long does it last in working memory?
It is the change in organisation of neurons following learning
It lasts from seconds to minutes
What is declarative memory?
It is another name for explicit memory
What are the divisions of explicit memory?
- Semantic
2. Episodic
Where is explicit memory stored?
In the neocortex
Which area is important for conversion of working memory to long term memory?
Hippocampus
What is required for conversion of a memory from short term to long term?
- Repetition
2. Sleep: REM and slow wave
Describe the structure of memory
It is the connections between neurons, a network.
Describe Hebbian theory
Continual interaction between two neurons will form a strong connection
A single neuron is involved in … memory/memories
Many
A single memory relies on … neurons
Many
Describe what is meant by associative memory, in terms of Hebbian theory
When one part of a stimulus is recalled, the whole memory is recalled, due to the network of connections between neurons
Where is the hippocampus located?
Primitive part of the cerebral cortex in temporal lobe
What does damage to the hippocampus lead to ?
Long term memories can no longer be made
What is the function of the neocortex?
Storage of long term memories
What does interaction between the neocortex and the hippocampus lead to?
Storage of long term memories
Describe what is meant by reliving an event
When we recall a memory, the part of the brain that was active at the time is again active
