Principles of Neuroscience Lecture 19 Memory I Flashcards

0
Q

What are the different types of implicit memory?

Describe each

A
  1. Sensitisation: we become habituated to a certain stimulus, and we no longer perceive it
  2. Conditioning: one stimulus signals for another stimulus
  3. Operant conditioning: our response depends on the outcome of the stimulus
  4. Procedural: walking, running etc
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1
Q

What are the two different types of memory?

Describe each briefly

A

Explicit: facts, working memory if short term
Implicit: long term memory of processes that can’t be explained

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2
Q

What is working memory an example of ?

A

Explicit memory

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3
Q

Where is working memory stored?

A

Prefrontal cortex

Intra parietal cortex

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4
Q

What are the components of working memory?

A
  1. Central executive
  2. Phonological loop
  3. Spatiotemporal sketch pad
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5
Q

What is a memory trace, and how long does it last in working memory?

A

It is the change in organisation of neurons following learning

It lasts from seconds to minutes

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6
Q

What is declarative memory?

A

It is another name for explicit memory

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7
Q

What are the divisions of explicit memory?

A
  1. Semantic

2. Episodic

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8
Q

Where is explicit memory stored?

A

In the neocortex

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9
Q

Which area is important for conversion of working memory to long term memory?

A

Hippocampus

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10
Q

What is required for conversion of a memory from short term to long term?

A
  1. Repetition

2. Sleep: REM and slow wave

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11
Q

Describe the structure of memory

A

It is the connections between neurons, a network.

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12
Q

Describe Hebbian theory

A

Continual interaction between two neurons will form a strong connection

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13
Q

A single neuron is involved in … memory/memories

A

Many

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14
Q

A single memory relies on … neurons

A

Many

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15
Q

Describe what is meant by associative memory, in terms of Hebbian theory

A

When one part of a stimulus is recalled, the whole memory is recalled, due to the network of connections between neurons

16
Q

Where is the hippocampus located?

A

Primitive part of the cerebral cortex in temporal lobe

17
Q

What does damage to the hippocampus lead to ?

A

Long term memories can no longer be made

18
Q

What is the function of the neocortex?

A

Storage of long term memories

19
Q

What does interaction between the neocortex and the hippocampus lead to?

A

Storage of long term memories

20
Q

Describe what is meant by reliving an event

A

When we recall a memory, the part of the brain that was active at the time is again active