MCB Lecture 30 Cytosol Flashcards

0
Q

Describe the membrane structure of organelles

A

Single lipid bilayer from the same design plan

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1
Q

Describe the cytosol

A

It is the interior of the cell membrane

The cell is very crowded, so there is not much cytosol

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2
Q

Describe the design plan of organelles, and what this means for transport between them

A

The organelles have the same design plan. This means that one organelle can turn into another by budding and forming vesicles.

Also, transport between organelles is simple: vesicular transport

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3
Q

Extracellular space is topologically equivalent to …

A

The lumen of organelles

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4
Q

Describe how molecules are transported between organelles

A

Budding and fusion of vesicles

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5
Q

Which organelles have two lipid Bilayers?

A

Nucleus, mitochrondria, chloroplasts

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6
Q

Describe the evolution of a nucleus

A

DNA was present in the cytosol (like prokarya), then it became surrounded by a membrane that split off from the plasma membrane

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7
Q

The nuclear intermembrane space is continuous with …?

A

The rough endoplasmic reticulum

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8
Q

The nuclear innermembrane space is continuous with …?

A

The cell cytosol

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9
Q

Describe the evolution of mitochondria

A

An aerobic bacterium was engulfed by the cell into a vesicle. It has remained in this vesicle

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10
Q

Which proteins are involved with the cytoskeleton?

A

Motor proteins

The structure itself, eg. actin

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11
Q

Which proteins are associated with the nucleus?

A

Transcription factors, spliceosome

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12
Q

Which proteins are associated with the cell membrane?

A

Transporters
Receptors
Channels

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13
Q

Which proteins are associated with the mitochondria?

A

The complexes on the inner membrane involved with the electron transport chain

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14
Q

Which proteins are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Ribosomes
Translocators
Chaperones

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15
Q

Which proteins are associated with the Golgi apparatus?

A

Many enzymes for all the modifications that go on

16
Q

Which proteins are associated with the lysosomes?

A

Lysosomal enzymes

17
Q

Which proteins are secreted?

A

Eg. Insulin, collagen

18
Q

Where does protein synthesis begin?

A

On a ribosome in the cytosol

19
Q

What are the two challenges of protein trafficking?

A
  1. Access to a compartment

2. Targeting to a compartment

20
Q

What are the three mechanisms of transport of molecules around the cell?

A
  1. Gated
  2. Transmembrane transport
  3. Vesicular transport
21
Q

Where does gated transport occur?

A

Nucleus <-> cytosol

22
Q

Where does transmembrane transport occur? What does it require?

A

From the cytosol to the mitochondria, peroxisomes and ER

23
Q

Where does vesicular transport occur?

A

Between organelles

24
How can one organelle turn into another?
Vesicle budding and fusion
25
What does it mean when we say that a cell is functionally compartmentalised?
That areas are delineated into compartments which have different functions
26
How can one organelle turn into another?
Vesicle budding and fusion
27
What does it mean when we say that a cell is functionally compartmentalised?
That areas are delineated into compartments which have different functions