MCB Lecture 53 Transmission and Pathogenesis of viruses Flashcards
How is polio transmitted?
Faecal-oral route, face ally contaminated food is ingested
How is influenza transmitted?
It is airborne
How is Papillomavirus transmitted?
Sexual intercourse
How is HIV transmitted?
Needles, Rectal route, congenital
How is Hep B transmitted?
Needles, congenital
How is yellow fever transmitted?
Vertebrate reservoir and an insect vector
How is Ross river fever transmitted?
Vector transmission
Give an overview of the different routes of entry that viruses exploit
Conjunctiva Respiratory tract Alimentary tract Urogenital tract Across abrasions or cuts of the skin Parental inoculation
How do adenoviruses get into the body?
Conjunctiva
How does papilloma virus get into the body?
Urogenital tract and cuts or abrasions on the mouth
How does influenza get into the body?
Respiratory tract
How does poliovirus get into the body?
Faecally contaminated food is ingested
How does herpes simplex get into the body?
Urogenital tract
Direct contact with bodily fluids of a infected person
Describe how viruses can get across the skin
There must be a cut or abrasion. Normally, viruses can’t get across the skin because the skin cells filled with keratin is hostile for the viruses
What are the protective mechanisms of the respiratory tract?
Mucus, ciliates cells to elevate the mucus, alveolar macropages
Once a virus has been breathed in, where can it go? (2)
Give example of types of viruses that do both of these
- Remain localised
Rhinovirus, Influenza, bronchitis causing viruses - Move further within the body
Measles, mumps, rubella, Varicella-Zoster
How does Varicella-Zoster get into the body?
Respiratory tract
How does measles get into the body?
Respiratory tract
Describe the Pathogenesis of Mumps, and what it can lead to in some cases
- Enters respiratory tract
- Primary infection and replication in the upper respiratory tract
- Spreads further within the body, to many organs, via sialic acid receptors
10% of sufferers get meningitis, very few will also get encephalitis
4. Salivary gland is often affected
What are the two ways that viruses may be introduced into the mouth or oropharynx?
List some bacteria in each category
Sharing of saliva
Herpes
Faecal-oral
Picornaviridae (polio)