MCB Glycolysis from Lectures 11 & 12

Question 0

Glucose-6-phosphate -> ?
Enzyme?
Anything special?

Answer 0

Fructose-6-phosphate

Phosphohexose isomerase

Question 1

Glucose -> ?

Answer 1

Glucose-6-phosphate
Hexokinase
ATP -> ADP

Question 2

Fructose-6-phosphate -> ?
Enzyme?
Anything special?

Answer 2

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Phosphofructokinase-1
ATP -> ADP

Question 3

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate -> ?
Enzyme?
Anything special?

Answer 3

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate & Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Aldolase

Question 4

Dihydroxyacetone -> ?
Enzyme?
Anything special?

Answer 4

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Triose phosphate isomerase

Question 5

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate -> ?
Enzyme?
Anything special?

Answer 5

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
NAD+ -> NADH

Question 6

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate -> ?
Enzyme?
Anything special?

Answer 6

3-phosphoglycerate
Phosphoglycerate kinase
ADP -> ATP

Question 7

3-phosphoglycerate -> ?
Enzyme?
Anything special?

Answer 7

2-phosphoglycerate

Phosphoglycerate mutase

Question 8

2-phosphoglycerate -> ?
Enzyme?
Anything special?

Answer 8

Phosphoenolpyruvate

Enolase

Question 9

Phosphoenolpyruvate -> ?
Enzyme?
Anything special?

Answer 9

Pyruvate
Pyruvate kinase
ADP -> ATP

Question 10

At which point must the reactions be doubled?

Answer 10

Once we have two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules.

Question 11

Where does the energy investment stage end?

Answer 11

Once we have two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules

Question 12

What are the energy investments?

Answer 12

2 ATP molecules

Question 13

When does the energy payoff phase start?

Answer 13

Once we have our two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules.

Question 14

What do we get from the payoff phase?

Answer 14

4 ATP
2 NADH
2 pyruvate molecules

Question 15

In which reactions is ATP consumed?

Answer 15

Glucose -> glucose-6-phosphate

Fructose-6-phosphate -> fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Question 16

In which reactions is ATP produced?

Answer 16

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate -> 3-phosphoglycerate

Phosphoenolpyruvate -> Pyruvate

Question 17

In which reactions is NADH produced?

Answer 17

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate –> 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

Question 18

What is a pyranose ring?

Answer 18

The ring version of glucose (or a sugar)

Question 19

What are anomers?

Answer 19

Alpha and beta. The -OH on the anomeric carbon is either up (beta) or down (alpha)

Question 20

What is mutarotation?

Answer 20

Conversion between the anomers

Question 21

What is a straight chain sugar?

Answer 21

Straight chain sugar is the open form of the sugar

Question 22

How does glucose get into cells?

Answer 22

Throughout GLUT transporters which are 12 transmembrane helices
They are a gated pore that selectively brings glucose into cells

Question 23

What is GLUT 1?

Answer 23

For all body cells

1mM

Question 24

What is GLUT 2?

Answer 24

For the liver and pancreas cells Responds to very high glucose levels in the blood Km = 15-20 mM

Question 25

What is GLUT 3 ?

Answer 25

For the brain Basal uptake 1 mM

Question 26

What is GLUT 4?

Answer 26

For the muscle and fat cells Insulin causes more glut 4 to be put in the membrane 5 mM

Question 27

What is GLUT 5?

Answer 27

For the cells in the small intestine | Mainly fructose transporters

Question 28

Which transporter is for all body cells?

Answer 28

Glut 1

Question 29

Which transporter is for brain cells?

Answer 29

Glut 3

Question 30

Which transporter is for muscle and fat cells?

Answer 30

Glut 4

Question 31

Which transporter is for cells in the small intestine?

Answer 31

Glut 5

Question 32

Which transporter is for cells in the liver and pancreas?

Answer 32

Glut 2

Question 33

What is a phosphorylase?

Answer 33

Addition of inorganic phosphate to a molecule

Question 34

What is a kinase?

Answer 34

Addition of a phosphate from one molecule to another

Question 35

What is a mutase?

Answer 35

Movement of one phosphate from one atom to another within a molecule

Question 36

What is a dehydrogenase?

Answer 36

Oxidation / reduction reactions | Electron shuttles involved

Question 37

What is an isomerase?

Answer 37

Changes the structure of a molecule

Question 38

What is a synthase/synthetase

Answer 38

Synthesis of a product without high energy requirement

Question 39

What is a hydratase?

Answer 39

Addition of water

Question 40

Which is the anomeric carbon?

Answer 40

C1

Question 41

Alpha and beta anomers are ...

Answer 41

Stereoisomers

Question 42

Which anomer of glucopyranose is more common?

Answer 42

Beta (63%)