Principles of Growth and Development Flashcards
1
Q
quantitative changes e.g., size, height, weight, age
A
growth
2
Q
qualitative changes e.g. behavioral changes
A
development
3
Q
process of change which is a function of time and aging
A
maturation
4
Q
six (6) principles of growth and development
A
- Development follows an orderly sequence
- The rate of development is unique to each individual
- Development involves change (physical, emotional, social, cognitive)
- Early development (1-7 y/o) is more critical that Later development
- Development is a product of maturation and learning
- There are individual differences in development (level of ability, motivation, interest)
5
Q
high aptitude is due to
A
the sum of ability and attitude
6
Q
two (2) major factors of development
A
- Hereditary Factors
- Environmental Factors
7
Q
what is the product of nature and nurture
A
man
8
Q
five (5) types of hereditary traits
A
- Physical Traits
- Abilities
- Sex-linked
- Disabilities
- Multiple Birth
9
Q
examples of hereditary physical traits
A
- height
- weight
- bodily structure
10
Q
examples of hereditary disabilities
A
- ADHD
- autism
- epilepsy
- sensory defects
11
Q
examples of hereditary multiple birth
A
- twins
- triplets
- quadruplets
- quintets
12
Q
monozygotic =
A
identical twins
13
Q
dizygotic =
A
fraternal twins
14
Q
identical twins refers to those
A
same in:
- physical features
- sex
- interests
15
Q
fraternal twins refers to those
A
twins with the same or different characteristics
16
Q
three (3) types of environment
A
- External Environment
- Internal Environment
- Social Environment
17
Q
this is the physical environment
A
external environment
18
Q
this environment is influenced by bodily processes (illness / disability)
A
internal environment
19
Q
this environment refers to all significant persons surrounding and influencing the individual
A
social environment
20
Q
physical environment includes:
A
- geographical location
- climate
- home atmosphere
- neighborhood
21
Q
five (5) types of development
A
- Physical Development
- Emotional Development
- Cognitive Development
- Social Development
- Moral Development
22
Q
physical development includes
A
- sensory development
- motor development
23
Q
type of physical development that responds to the stimulation of senses
A
sensory development
24
Q
examples of sensory development
A
- odor
- light
- taste
- temperature
- color
25
this physical development refers to muscular responses
motor development
26
examples of muscular development
- running
- leaping
- walking
- talking
- sitting
- lying
- jumping
- crawling
27
two (2) principles or law of motor development
1. Proximodistal Development
2. Cephalocaudal Development
28
this principle / law refers to development from inner body parts towards extremities
proximodistal development
29
this principle / law refers to development from head to toe
cephalocaudal development
30
nine (9) stages of development
1. Conception to Birth
2. Infancy
3. Early Childhood
4. Late Childhood
5. Adolescence
6. Early Adulthood
7. Adulthood
8. Middle Adulthood
9. Old Age
31
ages associated in conception to birth
- 0-3 months (zygotic)
- 3-6 months (embryonic)
- 7-9 months (fetal)
32
the first trimester is critical due to what principle?
cephalocaudal development
33
age associated in infancy
0-2 years
34
age associated in early childhood
2-6 years
35
age associated in late childhood
7-12 years
36
age associated in adolescence
13-21
- pre-puberty (10-12)
- puberty (13-16)
- post-puberty (17-21)
37
this puberty is the awkward stage
puberty
38
this puberty is the show-off stage
post-puberty
39
age associated in early adulthood
21-30
40
age associated in adulthood
30-40
41
age associated in middle adulthood
41-60
42
age associated in old age
61 above
43
stage where an individual should acquire stable job, relationship, and pursue advance studies
early adulthood
44
stage where an individual should acquire properties
adulthood
45
stage of the most productive years of an individual
middle adulthood
46
stage wherein an individual must retire and should feel fulfillment
old age
47
this development is the biological response to environmental feedback
emotional development
48
three (3) basic development based on Watson
1. Love
2. Rage (Anger)
3. Fear
49
emotional bond between the caregiver and the child
attachment
50
attachment is only established when there is
bonding
51
feeling of emotional distress experienced by the child or the parent
separation anxiety
52
cognitive development =
mental development
53
intellectual development or ability to adjust to the
cognitive development
54
four (4) stages of cognitive development based on Piaget
1. Sensorimotor
2. Pre-operational
3. Concrete Operation Stage
4. Formal Operations
55
age associated in sensorimotor
0-2 years
56
age associated in pre-operational
2-6 years
57
age associated in pre-operational
7-12 years
58
age associated in formal operations
13 above
59
during this stage, the child is under identification stage and language is fully established (preparatory skills)
pre-operational
60
this is the logical stage
concrete operation stage
61
this stage is where advanced thinking and logic is developed
formal operational stage
62
this development refers to how an individual develop how they adjust to social etiquettes, norms, practices and standards
social development
63
Freud's Psychosexual Development
1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic
4. Latency
5 Genital
64
psychosexual development where pleasure is centered on the oral region e.g. sucking
oral stage
65
psychosexual development wherein the attachment is to the caregiver or whoever provides the physiological and psychological needs
anal stage
66
psychosexual development wherein the child becomes pre-dominated by the attraction to the opposite-sex parent
phallic
67
complex included in the phallic stage
1. oedipus complex
2. electra comples
68
son-mother attraction
oedipus complex
69
daughter-father attraction
electra complex
70
psychosexual development wherein the attraction is within the same age groups
latency
71
psychosexual development wherein the attraction is to the opposite sex
genital
72
Four (4) Theories of Development
1. Piaget's Cognitive Development
2. Freud's Psychosexual Development
3. Erikson's Psychosocial Development
4. Kohlberg's Moral Development
73
eight (8) stages of psychosocial development by erikson
1. Trust vs. Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
3. Initiative vs. Guilt
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
5. Identity vs. Confusion
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation
8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair
74
age wherein the trust is to the caregiver / immediate parent
0-1 1/2
75
age wherein the child develops a sense of independence or autonomy
1 1/2 - 3
76
age wherein initiative is developed
3 - 5
77
age of industry vs. inferiority
5-11
78
age of identity vs. confusion
12-18
79
age of intimacy vs. isolation
18-40
80
age of generativity vs. stagnation
40-60
81
age of ego integrity vs. despair
60 above
82
midlife crisis occurs between what age
40-60
83
three (3) moral development by kohlberg
1. Pre-conventional Morality
2. Conventional Morality
3. Post-conventional Morality
84
age of pre-conventional morality
0-7
85
age of conventional morality
7-12
86
age of post-conventional morality
12 above
87
level of morality wherein the concept of right or wrong is absolute, often equated to the concept of reward and punishment
pre-conventional morality
88
level of morality wherein the concept of right or wrong is based on the conformities to social standards or norms
conventional morality
89
level of morality wherein the individual develops his own set of values
post-conventional morality
90
confusing concepts are also called
arbitrariness
