Principles of Growth and Development Flashcards
quantitative changes e.g., size, height, weight, age
growth
qualitative changes e.g. behavioral changes
development
process of change which is a function of time and aging
maturation
six (6) principles of growth and development
- Development follows an orderly sequence
- The rate of development is unique to each individual
- Development involves change (physical, emotional, social, cognitive)
- Early development (1-7 y/o) is more critical that Later development
- Development is a product of maturation and learning
- There are individual differences in development (level of ability, motivation, interest)
high aptitude is due to
the sum of ability and attitude
two (2) major factors of development
- Hereditary Factors
- Environmental Factors
what is the product of nature and nurture
man
five (5) types of hereditary traits
- Physical Traits
- Abilities
- Sex-linked
- Disabilities
- Multiple Birth
examples of hereditary physical traits
- height
- weight
- bodily structure
examples of hereditary disabilities
- ADHD
- autism
- epilepsy
- sensory defects
examples of hereditary multiple birth
- twins
- triplets
- quadruplets
- quintets
monozygotic =
identical twins
dizygotic =
fraternal twins
identical twins refers to those
same in:
- physical features
- sex
- interests
fraternal twins refers to those
twins with the same or different characteristics
three (3) types of environment
- External Environment
- Internal Environment
- Social Environment
this is the physical environment
external environment
this environment is influenced by bodily processes (illness / disability)
internal environment
this environment refers to all significant persons surrounding and influencing the individual
social environment
physical environment includes:
- geographical location
- climate
- home atmosphere
- neighborhood
five (5) types of development
- Physical Development
- Emotional Development
- Cognitive Development
- Social Development
- Moral Development
physical development includes
- sensory development
- motor development
type of physical development that responds to the stimulation of senses
sensory development
examples of sensory development
- odor
- light
- taste
- temperature
- color
this physical development refers to muscular responses
motor development
examples of muscular development
- running
- leaping
- walking
- talking
- sitting
- lying
- jumping
- crawling
two (2) principles or law of motor development
- Proximodistal Development
- Cephalocaudal Development
this principle / law refers to development from inner body parts towards extremities
proximodistal development
this principle / law refers to development from head to toe
cephalocaudal development
nine (9) stages of development
- Conception to Birth
- Infancy
- Early Childhood
- Late Childhood
- Adolescence
- Early Adulthood
- Adulthood
- Middle Adulthood
- Old Age
ages associated in conception to birth
- 0-3 months (zygotic)
- 3-6 months (embryonic)
- 7-9 months (fetal)
the first trimester is critical due to what principle?
cephalocaudal development
age associated in infancy
0-2 years
age associated in early childhood
2-6 years
age associated in late childhood
7-12 years
age associated in adolescence
13-21
- pre-puberty (10-12)
- puberty (13-16)
- post-puberty (17-21)