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PSYC 201 > Principles of Growth and Development > Flashcards

Principles of Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

quantitative changes e.g., size, height, weight, age

A

growth

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2
Q

qualitative changes e.g. behavioral changes

A

development

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3
Q

process of change which is a function of time and aging

A

maturation

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4
Q

six (6) principles of growth and development

A
  1. Development follows an orderly sequence
  2. The rate of development is unique to each individual
  3. Development involves change (physical, emotional, social, cognitive)
  4. Early development (1-7 y/o) is more critical that Later development
  5. Development is a product of maturation and learning
  6. There are individual differences in development (level of ability, motivation, interest)
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5
Q

high aptitude is due to

A

the sum of ability and attitude

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6
Q

two (2) major factors of development

A
  1. Hereditary Factors
  2. Environmental Factors
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7
Q

what is the product of nature and nurture

A

man

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8
Q

five (5) types of hereditary traits

A
  1. Physical Traits
  2. Abilities
  3. Sex-linked
  4. Disabilities
  5. Multiple Birth
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9
Q

examples of hereditary physical traits

A
  • height
  • weight
  • bodily structure
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10
Q

examples of hereditary disabilities

A
  • ADHD
  • autism
  • epilepsy
  • sensory defects
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11
Q

examples of hereditary multiple birth

A
  • twins
  • triplets
  • quadruplets
  • quintets
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12
Q

monozygotic =

A

identical twins

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13
Q

dizygotic =

A

fraternal twins

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14
Q

identical twins refers to those

A

same in:
- physical features
- sex
- interests

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15
Q

fraternal twins refers to those

A

twins with the same or different characteristics

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16
Q

three (3) types of environment

A
  1. External Environment
  2. Internal Environment
  3. Social Environment
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17
Q

this is the physical environment

A

external environment

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18
Q

this environment is influenced by bodily processes (illness / disability)

A

internal environment

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19
Q

this environment refers to all significant persons surrounding and influencing the individual

A

social environment

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20
Q

physical environment includes:

A
  • geographical location
  • climate
  • home atmosphere
  • neighborhood
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21
Q

five (5) types of development

A
  1. Physical Development
  2. Emotional Development
  3. Cognitive Development
  4. Social Development
  5. Moral Development
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22
Q

physical development includes

A
  • sensory development
  • motor development
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23
Q

type of physical development that responds to the stimulation of senses

A

sensory development

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24
Q

examples of sensory development

A
  • odor
  • light
  • taste
  • temperature
  • color
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25
Q

this physical development refers to muscular responses

A

motor development

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26
Q

examples of muscular development

A
  • running
  • leaping
  • walking
  • talking
  • sitting
  • lying
  • jumping
  • crawling
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27
Q

two (2) principles or law of motor development

A
  1. Proximodistal Development
  2. Cephalocaudal Development
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28
Q

this principle / law refers to development from inner body parts towards extremities

A

proximodistal development

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29
Q

this principle / law refers to development from head to toe

A

cephalocaudal development

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30
Q

nine (9) stages of development

A
  1. Conception to Birth
  2. Infancy
  3. Early Childhood
  4. Late Childhood
  5. Adolescence
  6. Early Adulthood
  7. Adulthood
  8. Middle Adulthood
  9. Old Age
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31
Q

ages associated in conception to birth

A
  • 0-3 months (zygotic)
  • 3-6 months (embryonic)
  • 7-9 months (fetal)
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32
Q

the first trimester is critical due to what principle?

A

cephalocaudal development

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33
Q

age associated in infancy

A

0-2 years

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34
Q

age associated in early childhood

A

2-6 years

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35
Q

age associated in late childhood

A

7-12 years

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36
Q

age associated in adolescence

A

13-21

  • pre-puberty (10-12)
  • puberty (13-16)
  • post-puberty (17-21)
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37
Q

this puberty is the awkward stage

A

puberty

38
Q

this puberty is the show-off stage

A

post-puberty

39
Q

age associated in early adulthood

A

21-30

40
Q

age associated in adulthood

A

30-40

41
Q

age associated in middle adulthood

A

41-60

42
Q

age associated in old age

A

61 above

43
Q

stage where an individual should acquire stable job, relationship, and pursue advance studies

A

early adulthood

44
Q

stage where an individual should acquire properties

A

adulthood

45
Q

stage of the most productive years of an individual

A

middle adulthood

46
Q

stage wherein an individual must retire and should feel fulfillment

A

old age

47
Q

this development is the biological response to environmental feedback

A

emotional development

48
Q

three (3) basic development based on Watson

A
  1. Love
  2. Rage (Anger)
  3. Fear
49
Q

emotional bond between the caregiver and the child

A

attachment

50
Q

attachment is only established when there is

A

bonding

51
Q

feeling of emotional distress experienced by the child or the parent

A

separation anxiety

52
Q

cognitive development =

A

mental development

53
Q

intellectual development or ability to adjust to the

A

cognitive development

54
Q

four (4) stages of cognitive development based on Piaget

A
  1. Sensorimotor
  2. Pre-operational
  3. Concrete Operation Stage
  4. Formal Operations
55
Q

age associated in sensorimotor

A

0-2 years

56
Q

age associated in pre-operational

A

2-6 years

57
Q

age associated in pre-operational

A

7-12 years

58
Q

age associated in formal operations

A

13 above

59
Q

during this stage, the child is under identification stage and language is fully established (preparatory skills)

A

pre-operational

60
Q

this is the logical stage

A

concrete operation stage

61
Q

this stage is where advanced thinking and logic is developed

A

formal operational stage

62
Q

this development refers to how an individual develop how they adjust to social etiquettes, norms, practices and standards

A

social development

63
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Development

A
  1. Oral
  2. Anal
  3. Phallic
  4. Latency
    5 Genital
64
Q

psychosexual development where pleasure is centered on the oral region e.g. sucking

A

oral stage

65
Q

psychosexual development wherein the attachment is to the caregiver or whoever provides the physiological and psychological needs

A

anal stage

66
Q

psychosexual development wherein the child becomes pre-dominated by the attraction to the opposite-sex parent

A

phallic

67
Q

complex included in the phallic stage

A
  1. oedipus complex
  2. electra comples
68
Q

son-mother attraction

A

oedipus complex

69
Q

daughter-father attraction

A

electra complex

70
Q

psychosexual development wherein the attraction is within the same age groups

A

latency

71
Q

psychosexual development wherein the attraction is to the opposite sex

A

genital

72
Q

Four (4) Theories of Development

A
  1. Piaget’s Cognitive Development
  2. Freud’s Psychosexual Development
  3. Erikson’s Psychosocial Development
  4. Kohlberg’s Moral Development
73
Q

eight (8) stages of psychosocial development by erikson

A
  1. Trust vs. Mistrust
  2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
  3. Initiative vs. Guilt
  4. Industry vs. Inferiority
  5. Identity vs. Confusion
  6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
  7. Generativity vs. Stagnation
  8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair
74
Q

age wherein the trust is to the caregiver / immediate parent

A

0-1 1/2

75
Q

age wherein the child develops a sense of independence or autonomy

A

1 1/2 - 3

76
Q

age wherein initiative is developed

A

3 - 5

77
Q

age of industry vs. inferiority

A

5-11

78
Q

age of identity vs. confusion

A

12-18

79
Q

age of intimacy vs. isolation

A

18-40

80
Q

age of generativity vs. stagnation

A

40-60

81
Q

age of ego integrity vs. despair

A

60 above

82
Q

midlife crisis occurs between what age

A

40-60

83
Q

three (3) moral development by kohlberg

A
  1. Pre-conventional Morality
  2. Conventional Morality
  3. Post-conventional Morality
84
Q

age of pre-conventional morality

A

0-7

85
Q

age of conventional morality

A

7-12

86
Q

age of post-conventional morality

A

12 above

87
Q

level of morality wherein the concept of right or wrong is absolute, often equated to the concept of reward and punishment

A

pre-conventional morality

88
Q

level of morality wherein the concept of right or wrong is based on the conformities to social standards or norms

A

conventional morality

89
Q

level of morality wherein the individual develops his own set of values

A

post-conventional morality

90
Q

confusing concepts are also called

A

arbitrariness

PSYC 201 (16 decks)

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