LESSON 1: Nature of Psychology Flashcards
1
Q
Psychology
A
- scientific study of the mental and behavioral processes of humans and animals
- it is not limited to the study of human behavior only
2
Q
Comparative Psychology
A
study of psychology dealing with animals as comparison to humans
3
Q
Theories in Psychology
A
- Classical Conditioning
- Operat Conditioning
4
Q
Classical Conditioning
A
- Ivan Pablo in his experiments with dogs, expecting them to react to stimuli
5
Q
Conclusion in Classical Conditioning
A
The learner is just passive
6
Q
Operant Conditioning
A
Skinner in his experiment with rats
7
Q
Conclusion in Operat Conditioning
A
We need to do something in order to gain something
8
Q
Volition
A
ability to make decisions
9
Q
Behavior
A
all actions, activities, and reactions of an individual as matters of psychological study
10
Q
Types of behavior
A
- Overt
- Covert
- Conscious
- Unconscious
- Simple
- Complex
- Voluntary
- Involuntary
- Rational
- Irrational
11
Q
observable behavior
A
Overt
12
Q
not directly visible (unobservable)
A
Covert
13
Q
action that is within one’s own awareness
A
Conscious
14
Q
action done by an individual yet he is not aware of doing so
A
Unconscious
15
Q
may be detected through instruments or apparatus
A
Non-conscious
16
Q
utilizes fewer neurons as compared to the amount of neurons used in complex behavior
A
Simple
17
Q
utilizes more neurons as compared to the amount of neurons used in simple behavior
A
Complex behavior
18
Q
done with full will and discretion
A
Voluntary
19
Q
actions done automatically while awake or even while asleep
A
Involuntary
20
Q
actions done with sanity or reason
A
Rational
21
Q
actions done without any apparent reason and explanation
A
Irrational
22
Q
Types of Unconscious Behavior
A
- Mannerisms
- Sleep talking
- Sleep walking
{4. Reactions - Thoughts}
23
Q
Objectives in Psychology
A
- To describe
- To understand
- To predict
- To control
24
Q
done through objective observation, by introspection, or by a combination of both;
classified into: qualitative & quantitative
A
To understand
25
done by identifying a consistent relationship between persons, events, situations, and conditions
To predict
26
possible only if there is accurate prediction
To control
27
History of Psychology
1. Ancient Period
2. Greek Era
3. Medieval Era
4. Pre-modern Era
5. Scientific Era
- Psychology in Germany
- Psychology in England
- Psychology in France
- Psychology in America
- Psychology in Philippines
28
behavior is attributed to animism
Ancient Period
29
suggests that behavior is directly attributed to gods and spirits
Animism
30
Greek period notable persons:
1. Democritus
2. Plato
3. Aristotle
4. Hippocrates
5. Galen
31
"the human mind is composed of atoms, which penetrate in and out of our system"
Democritus
32
"soul is distinct to man and is God-given";
human psyche consists of three distinct elements
Plato
33
three distinct elements of the human psyche
1. Element of Reason
2. Spirited Element
3. Element of Bodily Appetites and Desires
34
the highest level of value; located in the head
Elements of reason
35
element by which man would express his emotions; located in the heart
Spirited Element
36
located in the diaphragm
Element of Bodily Appetite and Desires
37
Father of Psychology (first person to put into writing his explanation pertaining to the behavior of man);
introduced the three functions of the soul
Aristotle
38
three functions of the soul
1. Vegetative
2. Appetitive
3. Rational
39
deals with the basic maintenance of life
Vegetative
40
focuses on the desire and motive
Appetetive
41
governs the reason that is located in the heart
Rational
42
Father of Medicine;
"mental disorders arose from natural causes";
first to classify different mental disorders during the classical period
Hippocrates
43
behavior may be attributed to the humors or vital juices of the body of the bile
Galen
44
Four Temperaments
1. Sanguine
2. Phlegmatic
3. Melancholic
4. Choleric
45
blood (cheerful)
Sanguine
46
phlegm (slow/sluggish)
Phlegmatic
47
black bile (sad/depressed)
Melancholic
48
yellow bile (irascible/irritable)
Choleric
49
Medieval era persons:
1. St. Agustine
2. St. Thomas Aquinas
50
combined platonic psychology with Christian thinking:
introduced and used the introspection method
St. Agustine
51
description of one's own conscious processes
Introspection
52
combined Aristotelian notions to the theologically imperative idea of immortality;
immortality of the soul
St. Thomas Aquinas
53
Pre-modern Era persons:
1. Rene Descartes
2. John Locke
3. George Berkely
4. David Hume
54
"mind-body interaction"
Rene Descartes
55
introduced the unit into which all experiences may be analyzed
John Locke
56
ideas in their own sum constitute became the only reality
George Berkely
57
wrestled with the problem between impression and ideas, between images and direct sensations
David Hume
58
Scientific Era persons (Psychology in Germany):
1. Wilhelm Wundt
2. Kraeplin
3. E.H. Weber
4. Max Wertheimer
59
"Father of Scientific Psychology";
founded the first Psychological Laboratory
Wilhelm Wundt
60
when did the first Psychological Laboratory in Leipzig, Germany first arose?
1879
61
bipolar disorder
Kraeplin
62
sensation and stimulation; was modified by Fechner into the Weber-Fechner Law
E.H. Weber
63
"Gestalt";
worked on the organizational of mental processes in 1912
Max Wertheimer
64
Psychology in England persons:
1. E.B. Titchener
2. Charles Darwin
3. Sir Francis Galton
4. Karl Pearson/Spearman
65
studied with Wundt at Leipzig, Germany;
structuralism
E.B. Titchener
66
a school of thought also called elementarism since it deals with the elements and structures of the mind
Structuralism
67
evolutionary theory
Charles Darwin
68
title of the book published by Charles Darwin in 1859
Origin of Theory
69
"Father of Psychometrics";
individual differences
Sir Francis Galton
70
variations among people on physical or psychological dimensions
individual differences
71
statistical method in Psychology;
gave England a leadership in the development of Statistical Methods
Karl Pearson / Spearman
72
Psychology in France persons
1. Philippe Pinel
2. Seguin
3. Anton Mesmer
4. Alfred Binet
73
began the enlightened psychological interpretation of insanity
Philippe Pinel
74
made use of testing in the teaching of mentally retarded children
Seguin
75
developed hypnosis in 1779
Anton Mesmer
76
other term for hypnosis
Animal Magnetism
77
makes use of logical reason
Responses
78
makes use of emotions
Reactions
79
"Father of Intelligence Tests";
started the first intelligence test
Alfred Binet
80
notable persons in Psychology in Philippines
1. Dr. Agusto Alonzo
2. Dr. Simforoso Padilla
3. Fr. Angel de Blas
4. Dr. Jesus Perpinan
5. Dr. Elias Bumatay
6. Dr. Jaime Zaguirre
7. Dr. Estefania Aldaba LIm
8. Dr. Alfredo Lagmay
9. Dr. Mariano Obias
81
obatined his Ph.D in Experimental Psychology from the University of Chicago in 1926;
became the head of UP Department of Psychology
Dr. Agusto Alonzo
82
first to major in psychology from the undergraduate to doctoral level, all of which he obtained in UP;
established the first psychological laboratory at UP in 1932
Dr. Simforoso Padilla
83
Ph.D. in Psychology from UST;
became the chairman of the Department of Psychology from 1930-1954;
established the first Experimental Psychological Laboratory at UST in 1938
Fr. Angel de Blas
84
obtained his Ph.D. in psychology from Iowa State University in 1933;
set up the FEU Psychological Clinic and became the head of the Department of Psychology
Dr. Jesus Perpinan
85
received his Ph.D. in Educational Psychology from the University of Texas in 1940;
became the Dean of Education of National University
Dr. Elias Bumatay
86
established the first Neuro-Psychiatry Department at V.Luna General Hospital in 1947
Dr. Jaime Zaguirre
87
first Filipina to receive a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of Michigan;
began the psychology program at PWU in 1948, with the establishment of its institute for Human Relations
Dr. Estefania Aldaba Lim
88
finished his Ph.D in Experimental Psychology in 1955 at Harvard University;
became the chairman of UP Psychology Department and held the position for 22 years
Dr. Alfredo Lagmay
89
received his Ph.D. in Comparative and Physiological Psychology from Stanford University in 1955
Dr. Mariano Obias
