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PSYC 201 > LESSON 1: Nature of Psychology > Flashcards

LESSON 1: Nature of Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Psychology

A
  • scientific study of the mental and behavioral processes of humans and animals
  • it is not limited to the study of human behavior only
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2
Q

Comparative Psychology

A

study of psychology dealing with animals as comparison to humans

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3
Q

Theories in Psychology

A
  1. Classical Conditioning
  2. Operat Conditioning
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4
Q

Classical Conditioning

A
  • Ivan Pablo in his experiments with dogs, expecting them to react to stimuli
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5
Q

Conclusion in Classical Conditioning

A

The learner is just passive

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6
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Skinner in his experiment with rats

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7
Q

Conclusion in Operat Conditioning

A

We need to do something in order to gain something

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8
Q

Volition

A

ability to make decisions

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9
Q

Behavior

A

all actions, activities, and reactions of an individual as matters of psychological study

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10
Q

Types of behavior

A
  1. Overt
  2. Covert
  3. Conscious
  4. Unconscious
  5. Simple
  6. Complex
  7. Voluntary
  8. Involuntary
  9. Rational
  10. Irrational
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11
Q

observable behavior

A

Overt

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12
Q

not directly visible (unobservable)

A

Covert

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13
Q

action that is within one’s own awareness

A

Conscious

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14
Q

action done by an individual yet he is not aware of doing so

A

Unconscious

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15
Q

may be detected through instruments or apparatus

A

Non-conscious

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16
Q

utilizes fewer neurons as compared to the amount of neurons used in complex behavior

A

Simple

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17
Q

utilizes more neurons as compared to the amount of neurons used in simple behavior

A

Complex behavior

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18
Q

done with full will and discretion

A

Voluntary

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19
Q

actions done automatically while awake or even while asleep

A

Involuntary

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20
Q

actions done with sanity or reason

A

Rational

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21
Q

actions done without any apparent reason and explanation

A

Irrational

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22
Q

Types of Unconscious Behavior

A
  1. Mannerisms
  2. Sleep talking
  3. Sleep walking
    {4. Reactions
  4. Thoughts}
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23
Q

Objectives in Psychology

A
  1. To describe
  2. To understand
  3. To predict
  4. To control
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24
Q

done through objective observation, by introspection, or by a combination of both;

classified into: qualitative & quantitative

A

To understand

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25
Q

done by identifying a consistent relationship between persons, events, situations, and conditions

A

To predict

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26
Q

possible only if there is accurate prediction

A

To control

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27
Q

History of Psychology

A
  1. Ancient Period
  2. Greek Era
  3. Medieval Era
  4. Pre-modern Era
  5. Scientific Era
    - Psychology in Germany
    - Psychology in England
    - Psychology in France
    - Psychology in America
    - Psychology in Philippines
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28
Q

behavior is attributed to animism

A

Ancient Period

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29
Q

suggests that behavior is directly attributed to gods and spirits

A

Animism

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30
Q

Greek period notable persons:

A
  1. Democritus
  2. Plato
  3. Aristotle
  4. Hippocrates
  5. Galen
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31
Q

“the human mind is composed of atoms, which penetrate in and out of our system”

A

Democritus

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32
Q

“soul is distinct to man and is God-given”;

human psyche consists of three distinct elements

A

Plato

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33
Q

three distinct elements of the human psyche

A
  1. Element of Reason
  2. Spirited Element
  3. Element of Bodily Appetites and Desires
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34
Q

the highest level of value; located in the head

A

Elements of reason

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35
Q

element by which man would express his emotions; located in the heart

A

Spirited Element

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36
Q

located in the diaphragm

A

Element of Bodily Appetite and Desires

37
Q

Father of Psychology (first person to put into writing his explanation pertaining to the behavior of man);

introduced the three functions of the soul

38
Q

three functions of the soul

A
  1. Vegetative
  2. Appetitive
  3. Rational
39
Q

deals with the basic maintenance of life

A

Vegetative

40
Q

focuses on the desire and motive

A

Appetetive

41
Q

governs the reason that is located in the heart

42
Q

Father of Medicine;

“mental disorders arose from natural causes”;

first to classify different mental disorders during the classical period

A

Hippocrates

43
Q

behavior may be attributed to the humors or vital juices of the body of the bile

44
Q

Four Temperaments

A
  1. Sanguine
  2. Phlegmatic
  3. Melancholic
  4. Choleric
45
Q

blood (cheerful)

46
Q

phlegm (slow/sluggish)

A

Phlegmatic

47
Q

black bile (sad/depressed)

A

Melancholic

48
Q

yellow bile (irascible/irritable)

49
Q

Medieval era persons:

A
  1. St. Agustine
  2. St. Thomas Aquinas
50
Q

combined platonic psychology with Christian thinking:

introduced and used the introspection method

A

St. Agustine

51
Q

description of one’s own conscious processes

A

Introspection

52
Q

combined Aristotelian notions to the theologically imperative idea of immortality;

immortality of the soul

A

St. Thomas Aquinas

53
Q

Pre-modern Era persons:

A
  1. Rene Descartes
  2. John Locke
  3. George Berkely
  4. David Hume
54
Q

“mind-body interaction”

A

Rene Descartes

55
Q

introduced the unit into which all experiences may be analyzed

A

John Locke

56
Q

ideas in their own sum constitute became the only reality

A

George Berkely

57
Q

wrestled with the problem between impression and ideas, between images and direct sensations

A

David Hume

58
Q

Scientific Era persons (Psychology in Germany):

A
  1. Wilhelm Wundt
  2. Kraeplin
  3. E.H. Weber
  4. Max Wertheimer
59
Q

“Father of Scientific Psychology”;

founded the first Psychological Laboratory

A

Wilhelm Wundt

60
Q

when did the first Psychological Laboratory in Leipzig, Germany first arose?

61
Q

bipolar disorder

62
Q

sensation and stimulation; was modified by Fechner into the Weber-Fechner Law

A

E.H. Weber

63
Q

“Gestalt”;

worked on the organizational of mental processes in 1912

A

Max Wertheimer

64
Q

Psychology in England persons:

A
  1. E.B. Titchener
  2. Charles Darwin
  3. Sir Francis Galton
  4. Karl Pearson/Spearman
65
Q

studied with Wundt at Leipzig, Germany;

structuralism

A

E.B. Titchener

66
Q

a school of thought also called elementarism since it deals with the elements and structures of the mind

A

Structuralism

67
Q

evolutionary theory

A

Charles Darwin

68
Q

title of the book published by Charles Darwin in 1859

A

Origin of Theory

69
Q

“Father of Psychometrics”;

individual differences

A

Sir Francis Galton

70
Q

variations among people on physical or psychological dimensions

A

individual differences

71
Q

statistical method in Psychology;

gave England a leadership in the development of Statistical Methods

A

Karl Pearson / Spearman

72
Q

Psychology in France persons

A
  1. Philippe Pinel
  2. Seguin
  3. Anton Mesmer
  4. Alfred Binet
73
Q

began the enlightened psychological interpretation of insanity

A

Philippe Pinel

74
Q

made use of testing in the teaching of mentally retarded children

75
Q

developed hypnosis in 1779

A

Anton Mesmer

76
Q

other term for hypnosis

A

Animal Magnetism

77
Q

makes use of logical reason

78
Q

makes use of emotions

79
Q

“Father of Intelligence Tests”;

started the first intelligence test

A

Alfred Binet

80
Q

notable persons in Psychology in Philippines

A
  1. Dr. Agusto Alonzo
  2. Dr. Simforoso Padilla
  3. Fr. Angel de Blas
  4. Dr. Jesus Perpinan
  5. Dr. Elias Bumatay
  6. Dr. Jaime Zaguirre
  7. Dr. Estefania Aldaba LIm
  8. Dr. Alfredo Lagmay
  9. Dr. Mariano Obias
81
Q

obatined his Ph.D in Experimental Psychology from the University of Chicago in 1926;

became the head of UP Department of Psychology

A

Dr. Agusto Alonzo

82
Q

first to major in psychology from the undergraduate to doctoral level, all of which he obtained in UP;

established the first psychological laboratory at UP in 1932

A

Dr. Simforoso Padilla

83
Q

Ph.D. in Psychology from UST;

became the chairman of the Department of Psychology from 1930-1954;

established the first Experimental Psychological Laboratory at UST in 1938

A

Fr. Angel de Blas

84
Q

obtained his Ph.D. in psychology from Iowa State University in 1933;

set up the FEU Psychological Clinic and became the head of the Department of Psychology

A

Dr. Jesus Perpinan

85
Q

received his Ph.D. in Educational Psychology from the University of Texas in 1940;

became the Dean of Education of National University

A

Dr. Elias Bumatay

86
Q

established the first Neuro-Psychiatry Department at V.Luna General Hospital in 1947

A

Dr. Jaime Zaguirre

87
Q

first Filipina to receive a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of Michigan;

began the psychology program at PWU in 1948, with the establishment of its institute for Human Relations

A

Dr. Estefania Aldaba Lim

88
Q

finished his Ph.D in Experimental Psychology in 1955 at Harvard University;

became the chairman of UP Psychology Department and held the position for 22 years

A

Dr. Alfredo Lagmay

89
Q

received his Ph.D. in Comparative and Physiological Psychology from Stanford University in 1955

A

Dr. Mariano Obias

PSYC 201 (16 decks)

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