LESSON 3 & 4: Biological Basis of Behavior; Sensation and Perception Flashcards
3 mechanisms of behavior (ReCoRe)
- Receiving Mechanism
- Connecting Mechanism
- Reacting Mechanism
this mechanism of behavior is comprised of sense organs which receives all stimuli from the environment
receiving mechanism
this mechanism of behavior is comprised of the neurons and the nervous system
connecting mechanism
this mechanism of behavior is comprised of the muscles and glands
reacting mechanism
these are sensitive nerve endings located in different parts of the body
sense organs
characteristics of sense organs (SeCoSpeAd)
- sensitivity and irritability
- conductivity
- specificity
- adaptability
categories of sense organs
- exteroceptors
- interoceptors
- proprioceptors
exteroceptors include:
the 5 senses:
- eyes
- ears
- nose
- tongue
- skin
interoceptors include:
- digestive track
- respiratory track
- gento-urinary track
proprioceptors are found in:
- muscles
- tendons
- joints
what is sensation
simple experiences which arise from the stimulation of the sense organs
2 elements of sensation:
- stimulus
- receptors
8 types of sensation:
- visual
- auditory
- equilibratory
- olfactory
- gustatory
- tactile
- kinesthetic
- internal senses
recite where the 8 types of sensation are located
- visual: retina
- auditory: cochlea
- equilibratory: vestibular canals
- olfactory: epithelium
- gustatory: tongue
- tactile: skin
- kinestetic:
- internal senses:
recite the receptors of each type of sensation
- visual: rods and cones
- auditory: hair cells
- equilibratory: cristae
- olfactory: olfactory bulbs
- gustatory: taste buds
- tactile: thermoceptors, mechanoceptors, nociceptors
- kinestethic: proprioceptors
- internal senses: interoceptors
recite the stimulus of each type of sensation
- visual: lightwaves
- auditory: soundwaves
- equilibratory: bodily movement & position
- olfactory: odors / gaseous part
- gustatory: food particles & WC-TP-P
- tactile:
- kinesthetic: bodily movement
- internal senses: physiological drives
what are neurons?
basic conducting unit of the nervous system;
provide the means through which the nervous system transmits and coordinates information
parts of neurons
- dendrites
- cell body
- axons
- nucleus
- node of ranvier
- myelin sheath
- schwann’s cells
- axon terminals
3 basic parts of the cell
- dendrites
- cell body
- axons
receives messages from other neurons
dendrites
integrates input and output
cell body
transmits information to other neurons
axon
insulating fatty layer that speeds transmission
myelin sheath
they make myelin
schwann’s cells
the conducting fiber
axon
transmitters
axon terminals
receivers
dendrites
receives messages from other neurons
dendrites
receives messages from other neurons
dendrites
receives messages from other neurons
dendrites
receives messages from other neurons
dendrites
integrates input and output
cell body
transmits information to other neurons
axon
3 types of neurons
- sensory (afferent fibers)
- association (connecting fibers)
- motor (efferent fibers)
conduct impulses within the nervous system
association (connecting fibers)
conduct impulses away the nervous system
motor (efferent fibers)
conduct impulses to the nervous system
sensory (afferent fibers)
define the nervous system
- controls all the physiological and behavioral processes
- the basis for our ability to perceive, adapt to, and interact with the world around us
- through the NS, we are able to receive, process, and respond to the information from the environment
2 major divisions of the nervous system
- central nervous system (CNS)
- peripheral nervous system (PNS)
parts of the central nervous system
- brain
- spinal cord
parts of the peripheral nervous system
- somatic NS
- autonomic NS
parts of the autonomic nervous system
- sympathetic NS
- parasympathetic NS
master organ which controls and directs all of the activities of the nervous system
brain
this organ directly controls our thoughts, emotions, and motivations
brain
brain hemispheres
- right brain hemisphere
- left brain hemisphere
right handedness; the logical mind
left brain hemisphere
left handedness; the creative / emotional mind
right brain hemisphere
lobes of the brain
- parietal lobe
- frontal lobe
- temporal lobe
- occipital lobe
receives and interpret body senses (somatosensory information)
parietal lobe
responsible for auditory information
temporal lobe
responsible for motor and speech
frontal lobe
responsible for interpreting and remembering visual information
occipital lobe
somatosensory information includes:
- temperature
- pressure
- texture
- pain
parietal lobes are actively involved in:
- paying attention
- processing word sounds
- thinking about spatial characteristics of objects and events
lobe responsible for a wide variety of “human activities”
frontal lobehu
lobe responsible for a wide variety of “human activities”
frontal lobehu
lobe responsible for a wide variety of “human activities”
frontal lobe
human activities includes:
- language
- attention
- reasoning
- planning
- goal setting
- self-monitoring
- decision making judgement
- learning strategies
- controlled movements
- interpretation of others’ behavior
this lobe is located at the back of the brain
occipital lobe
lobe resposible for interpreting and remembering complex auditory information such as speech and music
temporal lobe
temporal lobe has something to do with _______
long term memory
location of the temporal lobe
side, behind the ears
3 substructures of the brain
- forebrain
- midbrain
- hindbrain
parts of the forebrain
- cerebrum
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
midbrain includes the ____
reticular activating system
parts of the hindbrain
- medulla oblongata
- pons
- cerebellum
it is the front most part of the brain
forebrain
seat of consciousness which controls all higher forms of thinking and judgement
cerebrum
parts of cerebrum
- cerebral cortex
- basal ganglia
- limbic system
parts of limbic system
- amygdala
- septum
- hippocampus
plays a vital role in thinking and judgement
cerebral cortex
controls all motor functions
basal ganglia
concerned with our motivation, learning, and emotions
limbic system
anger and agression
amygdala
anger and fear
septum
formation of memories
hippocampus
relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex
thalamus
functions of the hypothalamus:
- maintains homeostasis in the body
- regulates body temp, eating, and sleeping
- controls the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system
- responsible for survival behaviors
seat of emotion
hypothalamus
seat of consciousness
cerebrum
what part of the brain controls the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system
hypothalamus
