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PSYC 201 > LESSON 3 & 4: Biological Basis of Behavior; Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

LESSON 3 & 4: Biological Basis of Behavior; Sensation and Perception Flashcards

1
Q

3 mechanisms of behavior (ReCoRe)

A
  1. Receiving Mechanism
  2. Connecting Mechanism
  3. Reacting Mechanism
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2
Q

this mechanism of behavior is comprised of sense organs which receives all stimuli from the environment

A

receiving mechanism

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3
Q

this mechanism of behavior is comprised of the neurons and the nervous system

A

connecting mechanism

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4
Q

this mechanism of behavior is comprised of the muscles and glands

A

reacting mechanism

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5
Q

these are sensitive nerve endings located in different parts of the body

A

sense organs

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6
Q

characteristics of sense organs (SeCoSpeAd)

A
  1. sensitivity and irritability
  2. conductivity
  3. specificity
  4. adaptability
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7
Q

categories of sense organs

A
  1. exteroceptors
  2. interoceptors
  3. proprioceptors
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8
Q

exteroceptors include:

A

the 5 senses:
- eyes
- ears
- nose
- tongue
- skin

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9
Q

interoceptors include:

A
  • digestive track
  • respiratory track
  • gento-urinary track
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10
Q

proprioceptors are found in:

A
  • muscles
  • tendons
  • joints
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11
Q

what is sensation

A

simple experiences which arise from the stimulation of the sense organs

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12
Q

2 elements of sensation:

A
  1. stimulus
  2. receptors
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13
Q

8 types of sensation:

A
  1. visual
  2. auditory
  3. equilibratory
  4. olfactory
  5. gustatory
  6. tactile
  7. kinesthetic
  8. internal senses
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14
Q

recite where the 8 types of sensation are located

A
  1. visual: retina
  2. auditory: cochlea
  3. equilibratory: vestibular canals
  4. olfactory: epithelium
  5. gustatory: tongue
  6. tactile: skin
  7. kinestetic:
  8. internal senses:
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15
Q

recite the receptors of each type of sensation

A
  1. visual: rods and cones
  2. auditory: hair cells
  3. equilibratory: cristae
  4. olfactory: olfactory bulbs
  5. gustatory: taste buds
  6. tactile: thermoceptors, mechanoceptors, nociceptors
  7. kinestethic: proprioceptors
  8. internal senses: interoceptors
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16
Q

recite the stimulus of each type of sensation

A
  1. visual: lightwaves
  2. auditory: soundwaves
  3. equilibratory: bodily movement & position
  4. olfactory: odors / gaseous part
  5. gustatory: food particles & WC-TP-P
  6. tactile:
  7. kinesthetic: bodily movement
  8. internal senses: physiological drives
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17
Q

what are neurons?

A

basic conducting unit of the nervous system;

provide the means through which the nervous system transmits and coordinates information

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18
Q

parts of neurons

A
  • dendrites
  • cell body
  • axons
  • nucleus
  • node of ranvier
  • myelin sheath
  • schwann’s cells
  • axon terminals
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19
Q

3 basic parts of the cell

A
  1. dendrites
  2. cell body
  3. axons
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20
Q

receives messages from other neurons

A

dendrites

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21
Q

integrates input and output

A

cell body

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22
Q

transmits information to other neurons

A

axon

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23
Q

insulating fatty layer that speeds transmission

A

myelin sheath

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24
Q

they make myelin

A

schwann’s cells

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25
Q

the conducting fiber

A

axon

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26
Q

transmitters

A

axon terminals

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27
Q

receivers

A

dendrites

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28
Q

receives messages from other neurons

A

dendrites

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28
Q

receives messages from other neurons

A

dendrites

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28
Q

receives messages from other neurons

A

dendrites

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28
Q

receives messages from other neurons

A

dendrites

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29
Q

integrates input and output

A

cell body

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30
Q

transmits information to other neurons

A

axon

31
Q

3 types of neurons

A
  1. sensory (afferent fibers)
  2. association (connecting fibers)
  3. motor (efferent fibers)
32
Q

conduct impulses within the nervous system

A

association (connecting fibers)

33
Q

conduct impulses away the nervous system

A

motor (efferent fibers)

34
Q

conduct impulses to the nervous system

A

sensory (afferent fibers)

35
Q

define the nervous system

A
  • controls all the physiological and behavioral processes
  • the basis for our ability to perceive, adapt to, and interact with the world around us
  • through the NS, we are able to receive, process, and respond to the information from the environment
36
Q

2 major divisions of the nervous system

A
  1. central nervous system (CNS)
  2. peripheral nervous system (PNS)
37
Q

parts of the central nervous system

A
  1. brain
  2. spinal cord
38
Q

parts of the peripheral nervous system

A
  1. somatic NS
  2. autonomic NS
39
Q

parts of the autonomic nervous system

A
  1. sympathetic NS
  2. parasympathetic NS
40
Q

master organ which controls and directs all of the activities of the nervous system

A

brain

41
Q

this organ directly controls our thoughts, emotions, and motivations

A

brain

42
Q

brain hemispheres

A
  1. right brain hemisphere
  2. left brain hemisphere
43
Q

right handedness; the logical mind

A

left brain hemisphere

44
Q

left handedness; the creative / emotional mind

A

right brain hemisphere

45
Q

lobes of the brain

A
  1. parietal lobe
  2. frontal lobe
  3. temporal lobe
  4. occipital lobe
46
Q

receives and interpret body senses (somatosensory information)

A

parietal lobe

47
Q

responsible for auditory information

A

temporal lobe

48
Q

responsible for motor and speech

A

frontal lobe

49
Q

responsible for interpreting and remembering visual information

A

occipital lobe

50
Q

somatosensory information includes:

A
  • temperature
  • pressure
  • texture
  • pain
51
Q

parietal lobes are actively involved in:

A
  • paying attention
  • processing word sounds
  • thinking about spatial characteristics of objects and events
52
Q

lobe responsible for a wide variety of “human activities”

A

frontal lobehu

52
Q

lobe responsible for a wide variety of “human activities”

A

frontal lobehu

53
Q

lobe responsible for a wide variety of “human activities”

A

frontal lobe

54
Q

human activities includes:

A
  1. language
  2. attention
  3. reasoning
  4. planning
  5. goal setting
  6. self-monitoring
  7. decision making judgement
  8. learning strategies
  9. controlled movements
  10. interpretation of others’ behavior
55
Q

this lobe is located at the back of the brain

A

occipital lobe

56
Q

lobe resposible for interpreting and remembering complex auditory information such as speech and music

A

temporal lobe

57
Q

temporal lobe has something to do with _______

A

long term memory

58
Q

location of the temporal lobe

A

side, behind the ears

59
Q

3 substructures of the brain

A
  1. forebrain
  2. midbrain
  3. hindbrain
60
Q

parts of the forebrain

A
  • cerebrum
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
61
Q

midbrain includes the ____

A

reticular activating system

62
Q

parts of the hindbrain

A
  • medulla oblongata
  • pons
  • cerebellum
63
Q

it is the front most part of the brain

A

forebrain

64
Q

seat of consciousness which controls all higher forms of thinking and judgement

A

cerebrum

65
Q

parts of cerebrum

A
  1. cerebral cortex
  2. basal ganglia
  3. limbic system
66
Q

parts of limbic system

A
  1. amygdala
  2. septum
  3. hippocampus
67
Q

plays a vital role in thinking and judgement

A

cerebral cortex

68
Q

controls all motor functions

A

basal ganglia

69
Q

concerned with our motivation, learning, and emotions

A

limbic system

70
Q

anger and agression

A

amygdala

71
Q

anger and fear

A

septum

72
Q

formation of memories

A

hippocampus

73
Q

relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex

A

thalamus

74
Q

functions of the hypothalamus:

A
  • maintains homeostasis in the body
  • regulates body temp, eating, and sleeping
  • controls the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system
  • responsible for survival behaviors
75
Q

seat of emotion

A

hypothalamus

76
Q

seat of consciousness

A

cerebrum

77
Q

what part of the brain controls the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system

A

hypothalamus

PSYC 201 (16 decks)

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