Personality and its Development Flashcards
[according to]
personality is the arrangement configuration of individual characteristics and ways of behaving that determine one’s unique adjustment to his environment
Hilgard
personality cover’s an individual’s ______, ______, ______, _____, and __________
- appearance
- abilities
- motives
- emotional reactivity
- experiences
acc to philosophy (mentioned by gordon allport), personality is synonymous with selfhood, the _____ of perfection, and with _____
- ideal of perfection
- supreme value
in clinical parlance (mentioned by Gordon Allport), personality is the ____ of the person himself, the ____ of his being
- totality
- actual core
general definition of personality
Personality is the totality of one’s physical or inherited attributes as well as those psychological factors that determine one’s characteristic behavior
4 factors in personality development (by Morgan)
- inherited predisposition
- abilities
- family and home environment
- culture
abilities may be:
- inherited
- acquired
plays the most vital role in personality development since an individual’s association starts at home
- family and home environment
a mold in which a family may either consciously or unconsciously fit the personality of the child through language, mores, traditions, and beliefs of groups or individuals
culture
categories of theories of personality
- developmental theories
- learning theories
- type theories
developmental theory:
Freud’s Personality Structure
“child in us”
id
“parent in us”
superego
entirely unconscious; includes instinctive and primitive behaviors
id
id is also called the _______ principle
pleasure
mediator between the desires of the id
ego
develops from the id and ensues that the impulses of the id can be expressed in a manner acceptable in the real world
ego
holds all of our internalized moral standards and ideals
superego
our ideals and standards are acquired from
- parents
- society
our sense of right and wrong
superego
2 learning theories:
- Adler’s “Style of Life”
- Karen Honey’s “Anxiety Theory”
3 categories that fects our “style of life”
- family constellation
- birth order
- parent’s favoritism
“heavenly bodies”
family constellation
3 structures under family constellation
- patriarchal
- matriarchal
- demcratic
family constellation is a structure to describe each member’s _____ within the family system
niche
3 categories under family constellation
– birth order
- gender of the siblings
- age differences between them
5 categories under birth order
- oldest child
- second child
- middle child
- youngest child
- only child
may develop a “poor me” attitude
middle child
may react in a competitive way, seeing the first child as the pacesetter
second child
love being the center of attraction
only child
one that set high goals to achieve to get the attention back that they lost when the younger siblings were born
oldest child
may become the peacemaker of the family
middle child
most pampered yet would feel inferior and dependent to the family
youngest child
mature quickly but in the end fail to become independent
only child
injustice in the family perceived by children
parent’s favoritism
the favored child will develop a feeling of ______
supiority
the unfavored child will develop a feeling of ______
inferiority
Horney developed the theory of _____
neurosis
theory of neurosis proposes that strategies used to cope with anxiety can be overused, causing them to _______
take on the appearance of needs
3 categories of neurotic needs
- needs that move you towards others
- needs that move you away rom others
- needs that move you against the others
10 neurotic needs
- neurotic need for affection & approval
- neurotic need for a partner who will take over one’s life
- neurotic need to restrict one’s life within Narrow Borders
- neurotic need for power
- neurotic need to exploit others
- neurotic need for prestige
- neurotic need for personal admiration
- neurotic need for personal achievement
- neurotic need for self-sufficiency & independence
- neurotic need for perfection & unassailability
type theory
Carl Jung’s Classification of Personality Types
type theory
Carl Jung’s Classification of Personality Types
Categories of Carl Jung’s Classification of Personality Types
- attitude types
- function types
3 attitude types
- introvert
- extrovert
- ambivert
4 function types
- thinking
- feeling
- sensing
- intuiting
tendency to direct personality outward rather than inward toward the self
extrovert
orientation inward toward the self
introvert
a person whose personality has a balance of extrovert and introvert features
ambivert
a person whose personality has a balance of extrovert and introvert features
ambivert
process of evaluating an idea or event
feeling
receives the physical stimuli and transmit them to perceptual consciousness
sensing
logical intellectual activity that produces a chain of ideas
thinking
involves perception beyond the working of consciousness
intuiting
8 principal classes of personity
- extraverted thinking
- introverted thinking
- extraverted feeling
- introverted feeling
- extroverted sensing
- introverted sensing
- extraverted intuiting
- introverted intuiting
3 ways to measure ersonality development
- objective test
- behavioral method
- projective method
a written self-rating test or inventory test
objective test
objective test is administered in the form of _______ & answered by _____ or _____ or______ or _________
- questionnaires
- yes or no
- true or false
objective test is administered in the form of _______ & answered by _____ or _____ or______ or _________
- questionnaires
- yes or no
- true or false2
objective test is administered in the form of _______ & answered by _____ or _____ or______ or _________
- questionnaires
- yes or no
- true or false2
objective test is administered in the form of _______ & answered by _____ or _____ or______ or _________
- questionnaires
- yes or no
- true or false2
objective test is administered in the form of _______ & answered by _____ or _____ or______ or _________
- questionnaires
- yes or no
- true or false2
objective test is administered in the form of _______ & answered by _____ or _____ or______ or _________
- questionnaires
- yes or no
- true or false
2 examples of objective test
- Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
2 examples of objective test
- Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
2 examples of objective test
- Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
2 examples of objective test
- Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
- Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
self-report inventory designed to identify a person’s personality type, strengths, and preferences
MBTI
4 different scales of MBTI
- extraversion - introversion
- sensing - intuition
- thinking - feeling
- judging - perceivin
4 different scales of MBTI
- extraversion - introversion
- sensing - intuition
- thinking - feeling
- judging - perceivin
developers of MMPI
- J.C. McKinley
- Starke R. Hathaway
developers of MMPI
- J.C. McKinley
- Starke R. Hathaway
test for mental health issues and to assess their personality traits and psychopathology
MMPI
traditional version which comprises 567 true/false questions and takes 60-90 minutes to complete
- MMPI-2
traditional version which comprises 567 true/false questions and takes 60-90 minutes to complete
- MMPI-2
designed exclusively for teenagers
- MMPI-A
designed exclusively for teenagers
- MMPI-A
newer version of MMPI established in 2008 comprising 338 true/false questions and takes 30-50 minutes to complete
MMPI-2-RF
2 examples of behavioral method
- interview
- life history
utilizes the person’s life history, biographies, autobiographies, diaries, anecdotal records, & life pattern journals
life history
face-to-face gathering of information for the purpose of analyzing the person’s personality based on his/her interaction with the questions presented to him/her
interview
face-to-face gathering of information for the purpose of analyzing the person’s personality based on his/her interaction with the questions presented to him/her
interview
2 examples of projective methods
- rorschach inkblot test
- thematic apperception test
to measure thought disorders for the purpose of identifying mental ilness
rorschach
thematic apperception test consist of ____ pictures that depict a variety of social and interpersonal situations
31
2 categories under words projective method
- word association test
- sentence completion
based on the reaction time aside from its content
word association test
consists of stems either general or specific which may be theory-based or not
sentence completion
utilized to have not been shown to represent the self - but represent bodily concerns
figure drawings
utilized to have not been shown to represent the self - but represent bodily concerns
figure drawings
examples of figure drawings
- draw-a-person test
- house-tree-person test
- draw-an-animal
- kinetic family drawing
7 ways to improve personality
- self-appraisal
- effective regulation of emotional life
- social relations
- work
- love & sex
- self
- philosophy of life
being able to actualize one’s needs
social competence
one must develop a high degree o control over one’s emotion
effective regulation of emotional life
self assessement
self-appraisal
in self-assessment, you may use ______
personal rating sheet
be capable of social intimacy - forming friendships
social relations
one must be committed to some form of work that is satisfying as well as economically good
work
one must be able to forego personal gratification and even sexual gratification to satisfy the loved one
love & sex
one must have ______ regard for one’s self
positive
one should have a well-developed _____ & should know who he is & where h is going
ego identity
one should have inner _____ that he will be recognized and accepted by those who count
assurance
one should live by a philosophy that gives direction to one’s actions
philosophy of life
