Personality and its Development Flashcards
[according to]
personality is the arrangement configuration of individual characteristics and ways of behaving that determine one’s unique adjustment to his environment
Hilgard
personality cover’s an individual’s ______, ______, ______, _____, and __________
- appearance
- abilities
- motives
- emotional reactivity
- experiences
acc to philosophy (mentioned by gordon allport), personality is synonymous with selfhood, the _____ of perfection, and with _____
- ideal of perfection
- supreme value
in clinical parlance (mentioned by Gordon Allport), personality is the ____ of the person himself, the ____ of his being
- totality
- actual core
general definition of personality
Personality is the totality of one’s physical or inherited attributes as well as those psychological factors that determine one’s characteristic behavior
4 factors in personality development (by Morgan)
- inherited predisposition
- abilities
- family and home environment
- culture
abilities may be:
- inherited
- acquired
plays the most vital role in personality development since an individual’s association starts at home
- family and home environment
a mold in which a family may either consciously or unconsciously fit the personality of the child through language, mores, traditions, and beliefs of groups or individuals
culture
categories of theories of personality
- developmental theories
- learning theories
- type theories
developmental theory:
Freud’s Personality Structure
“child in us”
id
“parent in us”
superego
entirely unconscious; includes instinctive and primitive behaviors
id
id is also called the _______ principle
pleasure
mediator between the desires of the id
ego
develops from the id and ensues that the impulses of the id can be expressed in a manner acceptable in the real world
ego
holds all of our internalized moral standards and ideals
superego
our ideals and standards are acquired from
- parents
- society
our sense of right and wrong
superego
2 learning theories:
- Adler’s “Style of Life”
- Karen Honey’s “Anxiety Theory”
3 categories that fects our “style of life”
- family constellation
- birth order
- parent’s favoritism
“heavenly bodies”
family constellation
3 structures under family constellation
- patriarchal
- matriarchal
- demcratic
family constellation is a structure to describe each member’s _____ within the family system
niche
3 categories under family constellation
– birth order
- gender of the siblings
- age differences between them
5 categories under birth order
- oldest child
- second child
- middle child
- youngest child
- only child
may develop a “poor me” attitude
middle child
may react in a competitive way, seeing the first child as the pacesetter
second child
love being the center of attraction
only child
one that set high goals to achieve to get the attention back that they lost when the younger siblings were born
oldest child
may become the peacemaker of the family
middle child
most pampered yet would feel inferior and dependent to the family
youngest child
mature quickly but in the end fail to become independent
only child
injustice in the family perceived by children
parent’s favoritism
the favored child will develop a feeling of ______
supiority
the unfavored child will develop a feeling of ______
inferiority
Horney developed the theory of _____
neurosis
theory of neurosis proposes that strategies used to cope with anxiety can be overused, causing them to _______
take on the appearance of needs
3 categories of neurotic needs
- needs that move you towards others
- needs that move you away rom others
- needs that move you against the others
10 neurotic needs
- neurotic need for affection & approval
- neurotic need for a partner who will take over one’s life
- neurotic need to restrict one’s life within Narrow Borders
- neurotic need for power
- neurotic need to exploit others
- neurotic need for prestige
- neurotic need for personal admiration
- neurotic need for personal achievement
- neurotic need for self-sufficiency & independence
- neurotic need for perfection & unassailability