Adjustment, Maladjustment & Treatment Flashcards
any attempt to cope with stressful situations
adjustment
types of adjustment mechanisms
- fantasy or daydreaming
- nomadism
- denial
- repression
- projection
- identification
- introjection
- regression
- rationalization
- intellectualization
- displacement
- reaction formation
- sublimation
- substitution / compensation
desires or goals can be fulfilled through imagination
fantasy or daydreaming
desires or goals are never satisfied
nomadism
refusal to acknowledge reality
denial
uncomfortable thoughts from consciousness
repression
placing motives in someone else
projection
enhances self-esteem by conducting as if another person
identification
unconsciously acquires characteristics from a person he dislikes
introjection
childlike behavior and responses
regression
plausible reasons in place for real reasons
rationalization
thinking abstractly about stressful situations as a way of detaching oneself from them
intellectualization
motives are shifted from an original object to a substitute object
displacement
exaggerated ideas and emotions that are opposite of one’s repressed beliefs or feelings
reaction formation
unconscious desires are directed into socially acceptable activities
sublimation
cover behavior in an unrelated one rather than the opposite
substitution or compensation
inability to maintain effective relationships, function successfully in various domains, or cope with difficulties and stresses
maladjustment
causes of maladjustment
- family
- personal cause
- environmental cause
abnormal reactions to frustration
- neurosis
- psychosis
mild mental disorder or anxiety disorder
neurosis
[neurosis] remains in contact with reality but manifest poor _____ to his environment
adjustment
severe mental disorder that needs hospitalization
psychosis
[psychosis] has completely lost contact with ______ and can no longer cope with his environment
reality
anxiety or neurotic reactions
- anxiety neurosis
- phobia
- obsessive-compulsive
- conversion reactions
- hypochondria
- dissociative reactions
psychotic reactions
- schizophrenia
- schizophreniform disorder
- schizoaffective disorder
- brief psychotic disorder
- manic-depressive
other maladaptive reactions to frustration
- drug addiction
- alcoholism
- sexual deviations
psychological conflicts are converted into physical symptoms
conversion reaction
other term for conversion reaction
conversion hysteria
important episodes are repressed in response to extreme stress
dissociative reactions
3 forms of dissociative reaction
- amnesia
- fugue
- dissociative identity disorder
temporary loss of memory
amnesia
loss of memory that continues for a long time, accompanied by physical flight
fugue
extreme dissociative disorder whereby a person may develop two or more distinct personalities in which each personality developed is unaware of each other
dissociative identity disorder
condition brought by underlying conflict and needs at the unconscious level
sexual derivations
sexual attractions
- voyeurism
- exhibitionism
- sadism
- masochism
- frotteurism
- pedophilia
- fetishism
- transvestic fetishism
sexual attraction from watching other people
voyeurism
sexual attraction from showing their genitalia
exhibitionism
sexual attraction from hurting other people
sadism
sexual attraction from being hurt by others
masochism
touching up against others nonconsensually
frotteurism
sexual attraction from young children
pedophilia
sexual attraction from inanimate objects
fetishism
sexual attraction from clothing of the opposite gender
transvestic fetishism
withdrawal from reality and a severe disturbance of his intellectual and emotional functioning, coupled with deterioration of social and occupational functioning
schizophrenia
________ is also known as bipolar disorder
manic depressive disorder
characterized by emotional distortion consisting of recurrent episodes of depression and elation occurring simultaneously
manic depressive disorder
delivery of adequate measures modelled to alleviate a pathological condition
treatment
categories of treating mental and behavioral disorder
- medical treatment
- psychological treatment (psychotherapy)
attempts to alter physiological functioning including drug therapies, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery
medical treatment / biological therapy
examples of medical treatment / biological therapy
- pharmacotherapy
- electroconvulsive shock therapy
- psychosurgery
three categories of pharmacotherapy
- anti-psychotic drugs
- anti-depressant drugs
- anti-anxiety drugs
loss of motor control especially in the face, caused by prolonged use of antipsychotic drugs
tardive dyskinesia
provides relief to a wide variety of symptoms such as hallucination, thought disorders, anxiety
anti-psychotic drugs
reduce depression as it may increase the concentration of certain neurotransmitters, serotonin, and norepinephrine in the synaptic gap
anti-depressive drugs
side effects of these drugs are:
irregular heartbeat, blurred vision, and constipation
anti-depressant drugs
relieves symptoms of anxiety
anti-anxiety drugs
highly effective in countering anxiety
benzodiazepines
side effect of ____ drug:
difficulty in sleeping when the drug is not taken
anti-anxiety drugs
helpful in treating manic depressive disorder
lithium
treatment for depression wherein a patient receives powerful electric shocks to the head and is continued until the patient has a seizure lasting at least 30 seconds
electroconvulsive shock therapy
administration of insulin which produce prolonged coma-like state in the patient
insulin shock
treatment of mental disorder by surgical removal or destruction of selective brain areas
psychosurgery
patients who acquired ______ become highly excitable and impulsive, others become apathetic and a total absence of emotion, a few become living vegetables requiring permanent care
psychosurgery
treatment of individuals primarily through verbal communication
psychotherapy
types of psychotherapy
- art therapy
- behavior therapy
- cognitive therapy
- cognitive-behavior therapy
- existential therapy
- gestalt
- interpersonal therapy
- person-centered therapy
- phototherapy
- play therapy
- psychoanalysis
- psychodynamic therapy
- rational-emotive behavior therapy
- reality therapy
- transactional analysis
- eclectic therapy
uses creative process to help people who might have the difficulty expressing their thoughts and feelings
art therapy
art therapy can help increase _____, cope with _____ and ______ experiences
- self-awareness
- symptoms
- traumatic
involves relaxation training, stress management, biofeedback, and desensitization of phobias
behavior therapy
form of behavior therapy in which exposes a person to the thing or situation that he finds upsetting or disturbing
exposure thrapy
designed to help a person identify and change distorted thought patterns that can lead to feelings and behaviors that are troublesome, self-defeating, or self-destructive
cognitive therapy
cognitive therapy focuses on the _____ than the underlying or past conflicts or issue
current problem
help a person to recognize his negative thought patterns and behaviors and to replace them with positive one
cognitive behavior therapy
type of cognitive-behavior therapy
dialectical behavior therapy
deals with important life themes
existential therapy
based on the here and now of living
gestalt
short term therapy that focuses on an individual’s social relationships and how to improve social support
interpersonal therapy
emphasizes understanding and caring rather than diagnosis, advice, and persuasion
person-centered therapy
approach used in person-centered therapy
active listening
characteristics of effective therapists
- genuine
- accepting
- empathetic
used to treat people suffering from seasonal affective disorder; makes use of special light bulbs
phototherapy
for young children at specific developmental stages
play therapy
long-term, intensive therapy in which a person has to examine memories, events, and feelings from the past to understand current feelings and behavior
psychoanalysis
developed during psychoanalysis
transference
transference whereby the individual developed love and admiration
positive transference
transference whereby the individual developed envy or hostility
negative transference
procedure where the patient relaxes and is allowed to let his thoughts wander as he muses without any apparent preconceived goal or prodding from the therapist
free association
3 main experiences caused by the patient’s cure
- abreaction or catharsis
- insight
- working-through
patients experiences a kind of emotional cleansing
abreaction or catharsis
patient must understand his feelings and feel what he understands
insight
lengthy process of reeducation and problem solving
working-through
focuses on increasing a person’s awareness of his unconscious thoughts and behaviors, developing new insights, and resolving conflicts to live a happier life
psychodynamic psychotherapy
believes that emotional disturbance is caused by the person’s perception of an event or situation in an irrational way
rational-emotive behavior
helps clients explore behavior that created problems for them and examine the consequences of their behavior
reality therapy
usually conducted in groups; clients learn how to change roles in order to behave in more desirable ways
transactional therapy
combination of therapies
eclectic therapy
