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PSYC 201 > Individual Differences > Flashcards

Individual Differences Flashcards

1
Q

deviations of individuals from the average or from one another

A

individual differences

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2
Q

individual differences is focused on any _____ aspect of the total personality

A

measurable

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3
Q

variability of individual differences

A
  • intra-variability
  • inter-variability
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4
Q

concerns differences within the individuals

A

intra-variability

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5
Q

concerns differences among/between the individuals with
regards to environment

A

inter-variabilitty

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6
Q

individual differences is the result of the ______ and _______

A

interplay of both hereditary and environmental influences

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7
Q

4 natures of individual differences

A
  • variability and normality
  • differential rates of growth and development
  • interrelation of traits
  • hereditary and environmental factors
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8
Q

result of the continuing interaction of many factors — biological social or environmental that we cannot accurately attribute the causations

A

interrelation of traits

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9
Q

can be seen in cognitive abilities, in physical, emotional, and moral aspect of growth

A

differential rates of growth and development

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10
Q

measures of individual manifest characteristics that can be distributed in the form of normal probability curve

A

variability and normality

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11
Q

can never be completely separated because they are in continuous interplay; genetic factors is a function of the variability of the relevant environmental and genetic influences

A

hereditary and environmental factors

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12
Q

4 factors affecting individual differences

A
  • physiology
  • sex / gender
  • culture
  • social / society
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13
Q

measurements & evaluation of individual differences

A
  • standards or norms
  • sampling
  • reliability
  • validity
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14
Q

based on massive data collected concerning different kinds of behavior

A

standards or norms

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15
Q

a property of measuring device in measuring what it is intended to measure

A

validity

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16
Q

dependability of the test as reflected in the consistency of its scores upon repeated measurements of the same group

A

reliability

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17
Q

process of choosing a selected portion which is representative of the whole

A

sampling

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18
Q

standards or norms serves as the _____ against which other individuals may be compared

A

standard

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19
Q

kinds of test used in psychological assessment

A
  • intelligence test
  • aptitude test
  • achievement test
  • interests test / inventories
  • personality test
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20
Q

techniques used in psychological assessments to sample individual or group behavior

A

test

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21
Q

design to measure what a person can do now

A

achievement test

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22
Q

designed to measure capacity to learn through training

A

aptitude test

23
Q

used as a tool for predicting future behavior and life prospects or as a tool for identifying intervention

A

intelligence test

24
Q

kinds of intelligence tests & group tests

A
  • individuals test & group tests
  • verbal tests and performance tests
25
Q

designed to measure an individual’s interest in a variety of activities

A

interest test/ inventories

26
Q

most widely used interest test / inventories

A
  • strong vocational interest blank
  • kuder preference method
27
Q

given to a single testee by another person

A

individual test

28
Q

require the use and understanding of language to either oral or written work

A

verbal tests

29
Q

makes minimal use of language and may require the use of concrete nonverbal material

A

performance test

30
Q

given simultaneously to a large number of testees

A

group tests

31
Q

design to measure personality traits

A

personality test

32
Q

2 types of personality test

A
  • rorschach inkblot test
  • thematic appreciation test (TAT)
33
Q

projective psychological test in which the subject is shown templates or cards containing bi-symmetrical inkblots

A

rorschach inkblot test

34
Q

rorschach inkblot test is a test designed to reflect ______ of the personality that project into the visual stimuli generated by the inkblots, allowing a psychodiagnosis to be stablish

A

unconscious part

35
Q

projective technique in which the subject is asked to tell a story by a series of pictures which is relatively unstructed or ambiguous

A

thematic appreciation test

36
Q

thematic appreciation test is designed to reveal an individual’s perception of ________

A

interpersonal relationship

37
Q

6 approaches in meeting individual differences

A
  • grouping
  • acceleration
  • supervised study
  • special schools
  • enriching techniques
  • teaching techniques
38
Q

these are adjustments taken as positive steps to develop the potentialities of each individual

A

approaches in meeting individual differences

39
Q

2 kinds of grouping

A
  • homogenous grouping
  • special grouping
40
Q

done through the separation of students and rows of seats according to some basis such as, intelligence, reading or speed abilities

A

homogenous grouping

41
Q

this grouping may be accomplished through

A
  • honor classes
  • part-time interest groups etc
42
Q

specially applicable for the bright and fast groups

A

acceleration

43
Q

educators adjust their method so that more time can be given to those who need more attention

A

supervised study

44
Q

the gifted from several schools are grouped together and given a specialized method of approach to attend to their individual needs and talents

A

special schools

45
Q

kinds of enrichment techniques

A
  • vertical enrichment
  • horizontal enrichment
46
Q

certain subject matters are taught with depth through the use of devices, film strips, slides, advanced lessons, and the like

A

vertical enrichment

47
Q

discussion is expanded to include outside but related topic

A

horizontal enrichment

48
Q

these learners are given the
corresponding work

A

bright learners

49
Q

method used for slow learners

A

direct teaching methods or direct experiences

50
Q

The teacher must be ingenious enough to think of ways of holding and stimulating the students’ interests;

students can be made to assume more leadership responsibility and to engage in individualized researches

A

teaching techniques

51
Q

oppositions to homogenous grouping

A
  • tend to dichotomize the bright from the dull
  • leadership for the bright is curtailed
  • may foster feelings of superiority or inferiority
  • competition and challenge is reduced
52
Q

interest and preferences can either be ________ or of _________

A
  • peripheral
  • vocational
53
Q

special grouping may be accomplished through

A
  • honor classes
  • community sponsor plans
  • saturday-class plans
  • independent study plans
54
Q

acceleration can be achieved in:

A
  • grade skipping
  • early admission to kinder or first year
  • entrance to college with advanced standing
  • speeding up works

PSYC 201 (16 decks)

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