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VMS4007 > Primates > Flashcards

Primates Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different taxonomies fo primates?

A
  • Prosimians
  • New world Monkeys
  • ercopithecidae / old world monkeys
  • Apes
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2
Q

Who does prosimians include? important features?

A
  • Lemurs and lorises
  • Tooth combs
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3
Q

Who does new wold monkeys include? important features?

A
  • Callitrichids: Marmosets and
    Tamarins
  • Capuchins, howler monkeys, spider
    monkeys, woolly monkeys
  • Vitamin D
  • UV light
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4
Q

Macaques and Guenons (& baboons) important features?

A
  • Cheek pouches
  • oonotic disease: herpes V from macaques
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5
Q

Who do Colobines include? Features ?

A
  • Colobus
  • Langurs
  • Foliovores, adapted stomachs
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6
Q

Apes - include who? what features?

A
  • Gibbons & great apes
  • Zoonotic dx
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7
Q

Describe primates in captivity

A
  • Intelligent
  • omnivorous
  • Group living
  • Mostly arboreal
  • Mostly single infants
  • Long infancy, long lives
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8
Q

Nutrition of primates?

A
  • Omnivores (e.g. macaques)
  • Folivores (e.g. colobine group)
  • Vit D for New world monkeys
  • UV lights for tamarins and marmosets
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9
Q

Typical diets?

A
  • fresh veg / leaves
  • commercial pellets
  • supplemental protein or enrichment items (eggs,
    insects)
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10
Q

What issues can arise from food?

A
  • Social issues - bulling, selective feeding
  • Variety?
  • Food presentation
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11
Q

Bhvr for primates?

A
  • Social
  • Complex changing environemnt
  • Prone to stereotypies if needs not met
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12
Q

What can enrichment include?

A
  • Enclosure design, complex/ challenging
  • Company - conspecifics or mixed species
  • Novel items
  • Presentation of food (scatter feeding, hidden, hanging browse, muzzle feeders, novel items)
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13
Q

Traning?

A
  • Positive reinforcement
  • Reduces steess of procedures
  • Reduces need to GA & safer
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14
Q

EXample for training primates?

A
  • Entering transport box
  • Hand injection
  • Phlebotomy
  • For examination
  • For specific procedure
  • Recall to shed
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15
Q

Clinical approach to drugs?

A
  • Nothing is licensed
  • Follow cascade
  • Human drugs after vet drugs
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16
Q

Describe contraception in Primates?

A
  • Seasonal breeders (e.g. lemurs) –
    separate sexes
  • Surgical
  • Implants – deslorelin, etonogestrel
  • Oral – human contraceptive pill for
    great apes
  • IUDs - chimpanzees
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17
Q

Inpatient care considerations for primates?

A
  • Intravenous fluids
  • Cephalic/saphenous
  • Bandage well
  • Stress levels
  • Enrichment
  • How long can they be
    separated from the
    group?
18
Q

What are soem common conditions in Primates?

A
  • Infectious disease: Entamoeba histolytica
  • Yersinia psuedotuberculosis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Dysbiosis/bloat
  • Social issues
19
Q

Describe Entamoeba histolytica ?

A
  • anaerobic dysentry
  • Gi dx
  • Liver or other abscesses
20
Q

Dx & Tx Entamoeba haemolytica

A

Dx: faecal smaple/ Us of abscess
Tx: Metronidazole & intensive care
- Diloxanide or paromomycin for asymptomatic infections

21
Q

Describe yersinia pseudotuberculosis/ enterocolitica?

A
  • Acute death
  • Liver/ gut lesions
  • Faecal samples or at autopsy

-> rodent contorl
- Vaccination

22
Q

Describe Tuberculosis

A
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bovis, microti
  • Granulomatous leisons in lungs
  • M.BOVIS -> NOTIFIABLE
23
Q

What testing for TB?

A
  • Intradermal skin testing
  • Interferon gamma testing
  • PME
24
Q

Risk factors & signs of Diabetes mellitus in primates?

A
  • Risk factors-> Diet, obesity, hereditary
  • PU/PD, weight loss
25
Q

Dx for diabetes?

A
  • Blood glucose
  • Fructosamine
  • Urinalysis
26
Q

Tx for Diabetes?

A
  • Metformin and oral hypoglycaemics
  • Insulin injections
27
Q

Describe Dysbiosis/ Bloat in primates?

A
  • Colobus, langurs, leaf monkeys
  • Care with antibiotics!
28
Q

Describe social issues?

A
  • Conspecific conflict, injury
  • Bullying
  • Selective feeding
  • Separation from group
29
Q

What zoonotic diseases from primates?

A
  • Herpes B (macaques)
  • Hepatitis B (gibbons)
  • Retroviruses, other viruses
  • Bacteria
  • Protozoa
30
Q

Describe restraint/ handling ?

A
  • Training
  • Manual restraint
  • Crush tunnels/boxes
  • Netting
  • Darting (blowdart, dartgun)
31
Q

Considerations of GA in primates?

A
  • GA depth required for procedure
  • Positioning
  • Move animal?
  • Monitoring
  • Stress levels of animal
  • Facilities for induction and
    recovery
32
Q

Induction/ short procedures?

A
  • Starving times
  • Pre-med?
  • Medetomidine + ketamine
  • Zoletil + medetomidine
  • Medetomidine + Midazolam +
    Butorphanol
  • Induction chamber
33
Q

Intubation?

A
  • Dorsal recumbency
  • Local anaesthetic spray (intubeze)
  • Length of ETT
  • Howler monkeys -> hyloid bone care
34
Q

Special considerations of anaesthesia?

A
  • Cheek pouches!
  • Positioning -> large or overweight animals ;colobines with large stomachs
  • Regurgitation - colobines
  • Small primates
35
Q

What pre-preparation for necropsy?

A

CARE ZOONOTIC RISK!
* Ventilation
* Fume cupboard
* Outside
* PPE: FFP3 facemasks, gloves,
goggles, overalls
* Any additional regulations (e.g.
post-import quarantine)?

36
Q

Preparing for Necropsy?

A
  • History (Id, signalment, toD,medical H)
  • Equipment(scales, blades, sample pots, recording ..)
37
Q

External exam in necropsy?

A
  • Identification: microchip, tattoos
  • Coat or hair
  • Dental disease
  • Trauma
  • Body condition
38
Q

Approach to necropsy ?

A
  • Position the carcass
  • Work through the organs
    systematically
  • Examine them in situ before
    removing for closer exam/sampling
39
Q

Abdo & thoracic organs on necropsy?

A

Abdominal organs
* Liver, kidneys, spleen, GIT, reproductive
organs, bladder, lymph nodes
* Ingesta

Thoracic organs
* Trachea, lungs, heart, pericardium,
mediastinum
* Diaphragm – negative pressure

40
Q

what other systems to asses?

A

Musculoskeletal system
* Joints
Neurological system

41
Q

What sampling might we want to do on necropsy?

A

Formalin samples
* Major organs
* Abnormal tissue or lesions
* Brain

Swabs, body fluids, frozen tissue
Genetic analysis – ethanol, hair
Blood/serum

  • Notifiable diseases
42
Q
A

VMS4007 (24 decks)

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