Carnivores Flashcards
1
Q
What order do carnivores belong to? what sub order?
A
Carnivora -> Feliformia & Caniformia
2
Q
Who does the felids include?
A
- Pantherinae -> lion, tiger, leopard, sow leopard, clouded leopard
- Felinae )> cheetah, lynx, caracal, cougar, pallas cat, fishing cat, ocolt, Felis
3
Q
Nutrition in Felids?
A
- Obligate carnivores!!
- Whole prey
- Ca/ vit supp
- Prionailurus : fish
- Starve days
4
Q
Husbandry in felids?
A
- Mostly solitary species
- Subdivided enclosures
- Climbing, elevated platforms
- Ability to get out of view
- Heating
5
Q
Common issues in captivity - Felids?
A
- Obesity
- Infectious diseases
- Geriatric diseases
- Stereotypies
6
Q
What infectious diseases of Felids?
A
- Feline herpesvirus and calicivirus
- Cowpox in cheetah
- FIV & FeLV
7
Q
What geriatric diseases?
A
- Chronic renal disease
- Lymphoma & other neop
- OA
8
Q
What kind of stereotypies will we see?
A
- Pacing
- Hair plucking and overgrooming
9
Q
What do canids include?
A
- African-painted dogs, wolves, foxes, south American canids
10
Q
Canids nutrition?
A
- Facultative carnivores
- Whole prey
- Calcium/vitamin supplements
- Maned wolves: fruit and veg
- Insects
11
Q
Husbandry of canids?
A
- Mostly in packs or small family groups
Den areas, enclosure subdivisions
12
Q
Common issues in captivity in Canids?
A
- Wounds/ injuries
- dental disease
- Pyometra
- Domestic dog stuff:
Lepto, Gastroenteritis, Parasites
13
Q
Types of hyenas?
A
- Spotted, striped, brown
- Aardwolves
14
Q
Nutrition of Hyenas?
A
- Facultative carnivores
- Whole prey, bones
- Calcium/vitamin supplements
- Aardwolves: Insects, insect-eater diets
15
Q
Husbandry of Hyenas?
A
- Similar to canids/felids
- Good problem-solvers
- Very strong jaws (not aardwolves)
- Social species, especially spotted and brown hyenas
16
Q
What do Ursids include?
A
BEARS
17
Q
Bear nutrition?
A
- Range from carnivore to herbivore,
majority are omnivores - Food variety
- Polar bears: more fat and less protein
than felids - Calcium/vitamin supplements
18
Q
Husbandry for Bears?
A
- Solitary, can live together
- Enrichment, changing environment
- Dormancy
- Annual weight changes
- Embryonic diapause
19
Q
Common issues with bears in captivity?
A
- stereotypy
- Skin problems ->
Andean bear Alopecia Syndrome
20
Q
List some species of smaller carnivore species?
A
- Herpestids - mongooses
- Viverrids and palm civets
- Procyonids - raccoons
- Mustelids - badgers, weasels, otters
- Linsangs
21
Q
Small Carnivore Husbandry?
A
- Diets vary with species
- Many need to be kept socially
- Den areas, enclosure subdivisions
- Substrate – digging
- Branches - climbing
22
Q
Common issues within small carnivores?
A
- Breakdown of social group
- Toxoplasmosis
23
Q
What extra legislation applies to some of the smaller carnivores?
A
- Raccoons, coati, raccoon dogs – all covered by Invasive
Alien Species Act - Neuter
- Permanent ID (microchip)
- Prevent escape
- Harder to transfer ownership
24
Q
Contraception in Carnivores?
A
- Surgical
- Deslorelin implants (+/- megestrol
acetate) - Behaviour changes
- Reversibility?
- Vasectomy not recommended in species
that are induced ovulators (e.g. felids)
25
Vaccination of carnivores?
* Risk/benefit analysis
* Inactivated/killed vaccine vs modified live vaccine
26
What domestic cat/ dog vaccines?
Domestic cat vaccines:
* Herpesvirus
* Calicivirus
* Panleukopenia
Domestic dog vaccines:
* Distemper
* Infectious Canine Hepatitis (Canine Adenovirus 1)
* Leptospirosis
27
Induction options for anaesthesia?
* Darting in the shed
* Trained for injection
* Net
* Crush tunnel/cage
* Induction chamber
* Manual restraint
28
Common drug protocol?
* Medetomidine + ketamine (+/-
butorphanol)
* Zoletil + medetomidine
* Induction chamber (sevofluorane)
29
Intubation in felids?
- Local anaesthetic spray for larynx
30
Recovery example?
- Inc rate or back in enclosure
- In lateral or ventral recumbency with neck extended
31
Anaesthetic considerations?
- In group species, separation may be problematic
- Body temp
32
Enrichment for carnivores?
* Branches, elevated
platforms
* Naturalistic enclosure
* Outdoor access
* Pools
* Swings
* Changing environment
* Other animals!
33
What food enrichment can we incorporate?
* Scatter feeding
* Hiding foods
* Food balls
* Hanging food
* Live insects
34
What novel items of enrichment can we include?
- PErfumes
- Scent from prey species
- Toys
35
Training in carnivores?
* Many respond well
to positive
reinforcement
training
* Food rewards
* Harder with group
animals
* Enrichment
36
What training examples might we have in carnivores?
* Hand injection (intramuscular) -> Using barrier
* Phlebotomy-> Tail vein in big cats
* Examination of teeth/feet -> Bears
- Weight scales training
- recall training
- Crate training
