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VMS4007 > Carnivores > Flashcards

Carnivores Flashcards

1
Q

What order do carnivores belong to? what sub order?

A

Carnivora -> Feliformia & Caniformia

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2
Q

Who does the felids include?

A
  • Pantherinae -> lion, tiger, leopard, sow leopard, clouded leopard
  • Felinae )> cheetah, lynx, caracal, cougar, pallas cat, fishing cat, ocolt, Felis
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3
Q

Nutrition in Felids?

A
  • Obligate carnivores!!
  • Whole prey
  • Ca/ vit supp
  • Prionailurus : fish
  • Starve days
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4
Q

Husbandry in felids?

A
  • Mostly solitary species
  • Subdivided enclosures
  • Climbing, elevated platforms
  • Ability to get out of view
  • Heating
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5
Q

Common issues in captivity - Felids?

A
  • Obesity
  • Infectious diseases
  • Geriatric diseases
  • Stereotypies
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6
Q

What infectious diseases of Felids?

A
  • Feline herpesvirus and calicivirus
  • Cowpox in cheetah
  • FIV & FeLV
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7
Q

What geriatric diseases?

A
  • Chronic renal disease
  • Lymphoma & other neop
  • OA
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8
Q

What kind of stereotypies will we see?

A
  • Pacing
  • Hair plucking and overgrooming
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9
Q

What do canids include?

A
  • African-painted dogs, wolves, foxes, south American canids
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10
Q

Canids nutrition?

A
  • Facultative carnivores
  • Whole prey
  • Calcium/vitamin supplements
  • Maned wolves: fruit and veg
  • Insects
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11
Q

Husbandry of canids?

A
  • Mostly in packs or small family groups
    Den areas, enclosure subdivisions
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12
Q

Common issues in captivity in Canids?

A
  • Wounds/ injuries
  • dental disease
  • Pyometra
  • Domestic dog stuff:
    Lepto, Gastroenteritis, Parasites
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13
Q

Types of hyenas?

A
  • Spotted, striped, brown
  • Aardwolves
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14
Q

Nutrition of Hyenas?

A
  • Facultative carnivores
  • Whole prey, bones
  • Calcium/vitamin supplements
  • Aardwolves: Insects, insect-eater diets
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15
Q

Husbandry of Hyenas?

A
  • Similar to canids/felids
  • Good problem-solvers
  • Very strong jaws (not aardwolves)
  • Social species, especially spotted and brown hyenas
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16
Q

What do Ursids include?

A

BEARS

17
Q

Bear nutrition?

A
  • Range from carnivore to herbivore,
    majority are omnivores
  • Food variety
  • Polar bears: more fat and less protein
    than felids
  • Calcium/vitamin supplements
18
Q

Husbandry for Bears?

A
  • Solitary, can live together
  • Enrichment, changing environment
  • Dormancy
  • Annual weight changes
  • Embryonic diapause
19
Q

Common issues with bears in captivity?

A
  • stereotypy
  • Skin problems ->
    Andean bear Alopecia Syndrome
20
Q

List some species of smaller carnivore species?

A
  • Herpestids - mongooses
  • Viverrids and palm civets
  • Procyonids - raccoons
  • Mustelids - badgers, weasels, otters
  • Linsangs
21
Q

Small Carnivore Husbandry?

A
  • Diets vary with species
  • Many need to be kept socially
  • Den areas, enclosure subdivisions
  • Substrate – digging
  • Branches - climbing
22
Q

Common issues within small carnivores?

A
  • Breakdown of social group
  • Toxoplasmosis
23
Q

What extra legislation applies to some of the smaller carnivores?

A
  • Raccoons, coati, raccoon dogs – all covered by Invasive
    Alien Species Act
  • Neuter
  • Permanent ID (microchip)
  • Prevent escape
  • Harder to transfer ownership
24
Q

Contraception in Carnivores?

A
  • Surgical
  • Deslorelin implants (+/- megestrol
    acetate)
  • Behaviour changes
  • Reversibility?
  • Vasectomy not recommended in species
    that are induced ovulators (e.g. felids)
25
Q

Vaccination of carnivores?

A
  • Risk/benefit analysis
  • Inactivated/killed vaccine vs modified live vaccine
26
Q

What domestic cat/ dog vaccines?

A

Domestic cat vaccines:
* Herpesvirus
* Calicivirus
* Panleukopenia

Domestic dog vaccines:
* Distemper
* Infectious Canine Hepatitis (Canine Adenovirus 1)
* Leptospirosis

27
Q

Induction options for anaesthesia?

A
  • Darting in the shed
  • Trained for injection
  • Net
  • Crush tunnel/cage
  • Induction chamber
  • Manual restraint
28
Q

Common drug protocol?

A
  • Medetomidine + ketamine (+/-
    butorphanol)
  • Zoletil + medetomidine
  • Induction chamber (sevofluorane)
29
Q

Intubation in felids?

A
  • Local anaesthetic spray for larynx
30
Q

Recovery example?

A
  • Inc rate or back in enclosure
  • In lateral or ventral recumbency with neck extended
31
Q

Anaesthetic considerations?

A
  • In group species, separation may be problematic
  • Body temp
32
Q

Enrichment for carnivores?

A
  • Branches, elevated
    platforms
  • Naturalistic enclosure
  • Outdoor access
  • Pools
  • Swings
  • Changing environment
  • Other animals!
33
Q

What food enrichment can we incorporate?

A
  • Scatter feeding
  • Hiding foods
  • Food balls
  • Hanging food
  • Live insects
34
Q

What novel items of enrichment can we include?

A
  • PErfumes
  • Scent from prey species
  • Toys
35
Q

Training in carnivores?

A
  • Many respond well
    to positive
    reinforcement
    training
  • Food rewards
  • Harder with group
    animals
  • Enrichment
36
Q

What training examples might we have in carnivores?

A
  • Hand injection (intramuscular) -> Using barrier
  • Phlebotomy-> Tail vein in big cats
  • Examination of teeth/feet -> Bears
  • Weight scales training
  • recall training
  • Crate training

VMS4007 (24 decks)

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