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VMS4007 > Chemical Restraint & Field Anaesthesia > Flashcards

Chemical Restraint & Field Anaesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

Describe training for injec tion?

A
  • Lower stress for animal
  • Often lower drug doses
  • Takes time & planning
  • skilled personnel
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2
Q

Describe restraint for injection?

A

-Often high stress for animal
-Avoids risks of darting
-Skilled personnel
-Need correct equipment

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3
Q

Describe Pole syringe (for IM injection)

A

-1-2 m range
-Spring-loaded
-10ml capacity
-Firearms license not required

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4
Q

Describe the USE of pole syringe?

A
  • Larger vol than darts
  • Short range
  • Large animal only
  • collapsed or immobilise animals
  • Animals confined to smalls secure area
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5
Q

Describe types of dart?

A
  • Compressed Air dart
  • Explosive Charge Dart
  • Blowpipe dart
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6
Q

Describe the compressed air darts?

A
  • Reusable and modular (separate needle and flights)
  • Dartguns and blowpipes
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7
Q

Describe Explosive charge dart?

A
  • MEtal
  • Not reusable
  • Some kinds of dartguns
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8
Q

What details/ options with dart NEEDLES?

A
  • Length
  • Width
  • Cuffed, barbed, plain
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9
Q

describe blowpipe dars ?

A
  • Various lengths
  • Uses 3ml compressed air darts
  • Lower force than dartgun
  • Quiet
  • Firearms license required!
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10
Q

Describe the USE of blowpipe?

A
  • Shorter distance
  • Animals confined to sheds
  • Smaller naimals
  • Animals that don’t know what it is
  • Operator skill required
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11
Q

describe DanInject CO2 rifle?

A
  • COmpressed air darts - 1.5ml, 3ml, 5ml, 10ml
  • Optical and laser sight
    Gun license required
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12
Q

How do CO2 guns work?

A
  • Fire by adding correct CO2 pressure for the distance and weight of dart
  • Pressure too high = dart will bounce out, incomplete drug delivery, inc risk fo trauma
    Pressure too low = dart will drop before target, inaccurate/incomplete dleivery of drug
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13
Q

Describe Pneudart rifle

A
  • Explosive charge darts, 1-5ml
  • Optical and laser sight
  • Gun license required
  • Fire by adding correct gun charge for distance
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14
Q

When do use Pneudart rifle?

A
  • Longer distance & larger animal
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15
Q

What legislation around dartguns?

A

Section 5 prohibited Firearms (Firearms act 1968)

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16
Q

What does law state about dartgun use/storage?

A
  • Each operator must have a firearms lciense listed with authorities before purchase and use
    Secure storage with alarm
  • Zoo license may mandate training
  • Legislation for drug prescription
17
Q

Darting & Animal safety?

A
  • Be aware of other animals
  • Consider pressure
  • Avoid in smaller or delicate animals
    -Operate skill - practice!
18
Q

What can go wrong with darting?

A
  • Misses
  • Unsure fi drug delivered
  • Drug not delivered?
  • Trauma to animal
  • Lost darts
18
Q

What aim when darting?

A
  • Large area fo muscle mass
  • Caudal (quads/ glutes)
  • In rhino NECK
    -In elephant Upper forelimb
  • Perpendicular to tissue
19
Q

What PREP for field anaesthesia?

A
  • Starved if poss/appropriate?
  • BW
  • Separation of group?
  • Stress levels
  • Location for induction
  • Risk assessment
20
Q

DO we PRemed?

A

Sometimes?
- Oral/transmucosal -> ACP, zoletil, alpha 2
- Oral -> midazolam/diazepam
- IM - azaperone, butorphanol, midazolam

->Additional darting & food intake before GA

21
Q

What alpha 2 might we use for Induction?

A
  • Medetomidine, detomidine, xylazine
  • Reduced HR/ RR , inc regurg in ruminants
22
Q

What Dissociative anaesthetics can be used for induction?

A
  • Ketamine, tiletamine (in zoletil)
  • Excitation, inc HR/BP, apnoea, lowered seizure threshold, corneal drying
23
Q

What opioid options for induction?

A
  • Potent: etorphine, carfentanil etc
  • Butorphanol
  • Inc HR/ BP, resp dep, poor muscle relaxation
24
Q

Give some induction combinations that can be used?

A
  • Medetomidine + ketamine (+/- butorphanol)
  • Zoletil - (zolazepam + tiletamine)
  • BAM (butorphanol + azaperone, medetomidine) good for deer
  • Etorphine +/- alpha2/ACP
25
Q

Etorphine risk ?

A

Sched 2 drug - more rq for record keeping, disposal, locked cabinet secured to wall

  • Rapid onset severe cardiopulm depression
  • Use PPE
  • Dart removal be careful
  • Have naloxone on site

don’t use in blowpipes & not in public areas

26
Q

Induction - describe?

A
  • Quiet dark area?
  • Approach from distance, cover eyes , ears
  • Make sure airway position clear
27
Q

Human safety during procedure?

A
  • Desired depth of anaesthetic
  • Ability to give more drug as needed
  • Escape routes/ space
  • Hobbles
  • Horn protectors
28
Q

What maintenance drugs we can use?

A
  • Incremental iv drugs (ket, propofol)
  • incremental i.m drugs (usually same as induction)
    Inhalation agents
    O2
29
Q

Monitoring in field?

A
  • ABCs!
  • Blood glucose in SMALL animals
  • Pulse ox
  • Capnography?
30
Q

Considerations for wild animals?

A
  • Thermoregulation
  • Bloat
  • Regurg
  • Trauma during induction / recovery
  • Trauma from darting
  • Capture myopathy
  • Muscle necrosis
  • Novel drug reactions
  • Dive reflex
  • Sudden arousal
  • Effects of stress
31
Q

Recovery ?

A
  • Dark quiet area?
  • Clear personnel
  • Positioning
  • Removal of earplugs, eye covering
  • Give reversal agent
  • Extubate
  • close monitoring until standing

VMS4007 (24 decks)

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