Prevetning and Controlling Transmission Of Infectious Agents Flashcards
Reservoir strep penumo
Human
Animal reservoirs for influenza
Swine, birds
Reservoir for worms
Dogs
Animal reservoir for salmonella
Turtles and snakes
Animal reservoir for rabies
Bats and raccoons
Reservoir for babesia
Ticks
Reservoir for Rocky mountain spotted fever
Tick
Reservoir for West Nile virus
Mosquito
Reservoir for cryptosporodia
Water, food
Reservoir for salmonella
Food
Reservoir for listeria
Food
Reservoir for staph aureus
Human
Reservoir for c diff
Human (can also be in env)
Reservoir for aspergillus
Dust in env
Reservoir for legionella
Water
Reservoir for cryptococcus fungi
Soil
Reservoir for coccidiodes
Soil
Reservoir for sporothrix
Plants
Portals of exit in humans
Sneezing
Coughing
Saliva
Vomit
Diarrhea
Open wounds
Semen
Examples of portals of entry
Indwelling urinary catheters
IV devices including central lines
Ventilators
Surgical procedures
Basic steps to prevent the transmission of microbes between HCP, patients, and the environment.
Standard precautions
Describe standard precautions
Used for care of ALL patients, in ALL healthcare settings
Transmission of infection requires these 3 elements:
Mode of transmission, vulnerable host, source of infection
Standard precautions protect both HCP and patients from infection, and prevents the spread of microbes between hosts through …
Direct Person to person transmission or indirect person to environment to person transmission
Basics of standard precautions
- Hand hygiene
- PPE
- Resp hygiene/ cough etiquette
- Safe work practices
- Env cleaning
- Safe injection practices
- Patient placement
Single most effective measure that can be taken to decrease the transmission of organisms
Hand hygiene
When is soap and water required?
Outbreaks of C. Diff and norovirus, bacillus anthracis
Moments for hand hygiene
- After contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions
- After touching contaminated items
- Before AND after using gloves or other PPE
- Between contact with each patient
What it is important to use soap and water for spore forming organisms
Soap and water washes the spores away that are resistant to the chemicals
Purpose of PPE
Protect skin, eyes, mucous membranes, airways, and clothing from infectious agents
When should gowns be worn?
When performing patient care activities or procedures in which exposed skin or clothing can be exposed to any patient blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions
When handling equipment or env surfaces that have been contaminated