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Communication Development and Language Science > Preschool Language Development > Flashcards

Preschool Language Development Flashcards

1
Q

when does preschool language age range start?

A

3 years

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2
Q

Typical 3-year-old sentences have __ - __ words

A

3-5

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3
Q

3 year olds typically have a vocab of around ___ words

A

1000

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4
Q

Strangers can understand ___ of what a typical 3-year-old says

A

most

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5
Q

Common phrase for a 3-year-old

A

why?

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6
Q

At this age, children start to engage in group and make-believe play

A

3

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7
Q

Do three-year-olds speak in complete sentences?

A

Yes

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8
Q

4-year old children usually have a vocabulary of __ish words

A

1500

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9
Q

Children can start to tell stories about past events around this age

A

4

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10
Q

Children begin to speak in complex sentences at this age

A

4

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11
Q

parents can start to hear swear words around this age

A

4

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12
Q

at this age, children have vivid imaginations and make up characters in their play

A

4

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13
Q

at this age, a child’s attention span is around 10-15 mins

A

4

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14
Q

At this age, a child can count a little and understands some colors

A

4

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15
Q

At this age, children ask and answer who, what, when, where and why questions

A

4

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16
Q

at ___, children express anger through language instead of physically

A

4

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17
Q

All speech sounds are mastered around year ___

A

7

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18
Q

___ precedes ___ in terms of phonological production

A

perception; production

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19
Q

Around age ___, children understand that speech sounds convey meaning

A

3-4

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20
Q

The higher the phonological working memory, the more there are of these four things

A

1) grammatical complexity
2) word variety
3) word production
4) MLU

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21
Q

Phonological development affects these two language component areas

A

morphology
syntax

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22
Q

all vowels are acquired by age __

A

3

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23
Q

all consonants are acquired by age __

A

8

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24
Q

what are the first types of consonants children usually make?

A

nasals

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25
Q

what are the last types of consonants children usually acquire?

A

affricates

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26
Q

what are two approximants in English?

A

/w/, /j/

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27
Q

what is the English lateral approximant

A

/l/

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28
Q

What is the order children typically acquire consonants in? (specially, consonant manner) (6 total)

A

NSALFA
(The NSA lies frequently, Anne!)

Nasals
Stops
Approximants
Lateral approximants
Fricatives
Affricates

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29
Q

consonant clusters begin to appear at age __

A

4

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30
Q

What is the order children typically acquire consonants in? (specially, consonant placement)

A

GBVADP
Glittery Baby Vampires Are Dangerous Predators

Glottals
Bilabials
Velars
Alveolar/post alveolar
Dental/labiodentals
Palatals (ie /ʃ/)

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31
Q

Four factors that affect a consonant sound’s development in a child’s phonological suite?

A

-Motor abilities of child
-The frequency of occurrence in the language
-Functional load of sound in language - how important is it
-Sound’s articulatory complexity

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32
Q

Of the four factors that affect consonant development, what is the most significant one in English?

A

Functional load

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33
Q

What is the functional load of a consonant?

A

How replaceable it is - can you replace this sound with a similar one and still be understood?

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34
Q

systematic procedures used by children to make adult words pronounceable

A

Phonological Processes

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35
Q

what are three different types of phonological processes?

A

syllable structures
assimilation
substitution

36
Q

a phonological process where you copy over a sound to a different sound in the word

A

assimilation

37
Q

fronting and backing are two types of ____ phonological processes

A

substitution

38
Q

what are the three steps to learning morphemes? (we think)

A

Perceiving and comparing inflected word vs uninflected word
Hypothesizing function of morpheme
Morpheme placed in a rule

39
Q

positive correlation between vocab size and ____ complexity

A

syntactic

40
Q

Four steps for how we think children develop syntax

A

1) Child observes patterns of word and sentence forms
2) Child hypothesizes about rule
3) Child uses rule
4) Rules get modified over time

41
Q

single distinct syntax unit, not as complete as a sentence

A

Phrase

42
Q

A phrase does not have both a ___ and a ___

A

subject; predicate

43
Q

A predicate always contains a ____, and sometimes ancillary ___ as anything that is not the subject

A

verb; verbs

44
Q

looks like a verb but functions as a noun

A

gerund

45
Q

Five types of phrases

A

1) noun
2) verb
3) prepositional
4) infinitive
5) gerund

46
Q

Phrase that has words used to express location

A

prepositional

47
Q

Phrases that have “to” + a verb

A

infinitive

48
Q

Phrases that have a verb that acts like a noun

A

gerund

49
Q

Positive correlation between ___ and ___ until around age 10

A

MLU; age

50
Q

Four types of sentences developed in preschool

A

Declarative
Interrogative
Imperative
Negative

51
Q

has both subject and predicate; can usually be a sentence

A

clause

52
Q

type of sentence where one clause embedded in another (independent and dependent)

A

Complex sentence

53
Q

type of sentence where two independent clauses joined

A

compound sentence

54
Q

children learn clause embedding to create ___ sentences

A

complex

55
Q

children learn clause conjoining to create ___ sentences

A

compound

56
Q

_____ connect clauses

A

conjunctions

57
Q

type of sentence where a child makes a statement

A

declarative

58
Q

type of sentence where someone asks questions

A

interrogative

59
Q

type of sentence where a child demands or requests

A

imperative

60
Q

type of sentence that has “doesn’t” “can’t” “never” etc

A

negative

61
Q

five types of words preschoolers learn

A

Interrogative
Temporal
Physical
Locational
Kinship

62
Q

Learn about 5 words a day from ages __ to __

A

1.5 - 6

63
Q

Four ways children learn words

A

Fast mapping
Caregiver’s reactions
Overhearing them in a conversation
Language use

64
Q

What are two ways caregivers introduce children to new words?

A

Putting unfamiliar nouns in short utterances
Putting new words in final position of sentences

65
Q

TYPE OF WORD

Who, what, when, where, why, and how are ___ words

A

interrogative

66
Q

TYPE OF WORD

time-related words (when, before, since) are ___ words

A

temporal

67
Q

TYPE OF WORD

Types of word describing physical traits - thick/thin, etc

A

Physical

68
Q

TYPE OF WORD

Prepositions (on, at, in, to) are ____ words

A

location

69
Q

TYPE OF WORD

Brother, sister, aunt, uncle, grandma are types of ___ words

A

kinship

70
Q

children’s sentences usually involve these three elements, and sometimes also ___

A

1) who
2) what
3) to whom/what
4) where

71
Q

In children’s sentences, the person or animal doing the action is known as the __

A

agent

72
Q

In children’s sentences, the person or thing being acted on is known as the __

A

object/patient

73
Q

In children’s sentences, the thing being done is called the ___

A

action

74
Q

what is the theory of mind?

A

idea that someone can have a different perspective than you

75
Q

when does theory of mind develop?

A

preschool (3-4 years)

76
Q

Two ways preschoolers organize narratives

A

centering and chaining

77
Q

Telling a story centered on a nucleus, but with no clear relation to one another

A

centering

78
Q

Telling a story in a sequence that lead from one to another (I did this, then that, etc)

A

chaining

79
Q

relationship between parent and child with shared positive emotion, responsiveness and cooperation

A

mutuality

80
Q

parent/child mutuality improves when language is ___

A

interactive

81
Q

When it comes to topics in conversations, preschoolers get better at __, __, ___ and ___ topics

A

introducing
maintaining
closing
deciding what should be included

82
Q

Theory of the mind helps preschoolers do this

A

adapt storytelling for listener

83
Q

children who are 3 and 4 will monologue, but 4-year-olds usually just do it when they are engaging in ___

A

tasks that require sustained focus

84
Q

process where speaker makes background assumptions about listener’s knowledge

A

Presupposition

85
Q

overall organization of a narrative

A

Narrative level

Communication Development and Language Science (14 decks)

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