Preschool Language Development Flashcards
when does preschool language age range start?
3 years
Typical 3-year-old sentences have __ - __ words
3-5
3 year olds typically have a vocab of around ___ words
1000
Strangers can understand ___ of what a typical 3-year-old says
most
Common phrase for a 3-year-old
why?
At this age, children start to engage in group and make-believe play
3
Do three-year-olds speak in complete sentences?
Yes
4-year old children usually have a vocabulary of __ish words
1500
Children can start to tell stories about past events around this age
4
Children begin to speak in complex sentences at this age
4
parents can start to hear swear words around this age
4
at this age, children have vivid imaginations and make up characters in their play
4
at this age, a child’s attention span is around 10-15 mins
4
At this age, a child can count a little and understands some colors
4
At this age, children ask and answer who, what, when, where and why questions
4
at ___, children express anger through language instead of physically
4
All speech sounds are mastered around year ___
7
___ precedes ___ in terms of phonological production
perception; production
Around age ___, children understand that speech sounds convey meaning
3-4
The higher the phonological working memory, the more there are of these four things
1) grammatical complexity
2) word variety
3) word production
4) MLU
Phonological development affects these two language component areas
morphology
syntax
all vowels are acquired by age __
3
all consonants are acquired by age __
8
what are the first types of consonants children usually make?
nasals
what are the last types of consonants children usually acquire?
affricates
what are two approximants in English?
/w/, /j/
what is the English lateral approximant
/l/
What is the order children typically acquire consonants in? (specially, consonant manner) (6 total)
NSALFA
(The NSA lies frequently, Anne!)
Nasals
Stops
Approximants
Lateral approximants
Fricatives
Affricates
consonant clusters begin to appear at age __
4
What is the order children typically acquire consonants in? (specially, consonant placement)
GBVADP
Glittery Baby Vampires Are Dangerous Predators
Glottals
Bilabials
Velars
Alveolar/post alveolar
Dental/labiodentals
Palatals (ie /ʃ/)
Four factors that affect a consonant sound’s development in a child’s phonological suite?
-Motor abilities of child
-The frequency of occurrence in the language
-Functional load of sound in language - how important is it
-Sound’s articulatory complexity
Of the four factors that affect consonant development, what is the most significant one in English?
Functional load
What is the functional load of a consonant?
How replaceable it is - can you replace this sound with a similar one and still be understood?
systematic procedures used by children to make adult words pronounceable
Phonological Processes
what are three different types of phonological processes?
syllable structures
assimilation
substitution
a phonological process where you copy over a sound to a different sound in the word
assimilation
fronting and backing are two types of ____ phonological processes
substitution
what are the three steps to learning morphemes? (we think)
Perceiving and comparing inflected word vs uninflected word
Hypothesizing function of morpheme
Morpheme placed in a rule
positive correlation between vocab size and ____ complexity
syntactic
Four steps for how we think children develop syntax
1) Child observes patterns of word and sentence forms
2) Child hypothesizes about rule
3) Child uses rule
4) Rules get modified over time
single distinct syntax unit, not as complete as a sentence
Phrase
A phrase does not have both a ___ and a ___
subject; predicate
A predicate always contains a ____, and sometimes ancillary ___ as anything that is not the subject
verb; verbs
looks like a verb but functions as a noun
gerund
Five types of phrases
1) noun
2) verb
3) prepositional
4) infinitive
5) gerund
Phrase that has words used to express location
prepositional
Phrases that have “to” + a verb
infinitive
Phrases that have a verb that acts like a noun
gerund
Positive correlation between ___ and ___ until around age 10
MLU; age
Four types of sentences developed in preschool
Declarative
Interrogative
Imperative
Negative
has both subject and predicate; can usually be a sentence
clause
type of sentence where one clause embedded in another (independent and dependent)
Complex sentence
type of sentence where two independent clauses joined
compound sentence
children learn clause embedding to create ___ sentences
complex
children learn clause conjoining to create ___ sentences
compound
_____ connect clauses
conjunctions
type of sentence where a child makes a statement
declarative
type of sentence where someone asks questions
interrogative
type of sentence where a child demands or requests
imperative
type of sentence that has “doesn’t” “can’t” “never” etc
negative
five types of words preschoolers learn
Interrogative
Temporal
Physical
Locational
Kinship
Learn about 5 words a day from ages __ to __
1.5 - 6
Four ways children learn words
Fast mapping
Caregiver’s reactions
Overhearing them in a conversation
Language use
What are two ways caregivers introduce children to new words?
Putting unfamiliar nouns in short utterances
Putting new words in final position of sentences
TYPE OF WORD
Who, what, when, where, why, and how are ___ words
interrogative
TYPE OF WORD
time-related words (when, before, since) are ___ words
temporal
TYPE OF WORD
Types of word describing physical traits - thick/thin, etc
Physical
TYPE OF WORD
Prepositions (on, at, in, to) are ____ words
location
TYPE OF WORD
Brother, sister, aunt, uncle, grandma are types of ___ words
kinship
children’s sentences usually involve these three elements, and sometimes also ___
1) who
2) what
3) to whom/what
4) where
In children’s sentences, the person or animal doing the action is known as the __
agent
In children’s sentences, the person or thing being acted on is known as the __
object/patient
In children’s sentences, the thing being done is called the ___
action
what is the theory of mind?
idea that someone can have a different perspective than you
when does theory of mind develop?
preschool (3-4 years)
Two ways preschoolers organize narratives
centering and chaining
Telling a story centered on a nucleus, but with no clear relation to one another
centering
Telling a story in a sequence that lead from one to another (I did this, then that, etc)
chaining
relationship between parent and child with shared positive emotion, responsiveness and cooperation
mutuality
parent/child mutuality improves when language is ___
interactive
When it comes to topics in conversations, preschoolers get better at __, __, ___ and ___ topics
introducing
maintaining
closing
deciding what should be included
Theory of the mind helps preschoolers do this
adapt storytelling for listener
children who are 3 and 4 will monologue, but 4-year-olds usually just do it when they are engaging in ___
tasks that require sustained focus
process where speaker makes background assumptions about listener’s knowledge
Presupposition
overall organization of a narrative
Narrative level
