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Communication Development and Language Science > Cognitive, Perceptual, Motor, Social and Comm. Bases of Early Language/Speech > Flashcards

Cognitive, Perceptual, Motor, Social and Comm. Bases of Early Language/Speech Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the brain starts developing in utero by day __

A

18

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2
Q

Month __ of pregnancy - all neurons developed

A

6

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3
Q

neurons migrate to for specialized areas of function in the brain during months ___-___ in utero

A

4-9

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4
Q

rapid synaptic growth at 8-10 months of age is called

A

Synaptogenesis

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5
Q

in early brain development, neural networks that are not used are removed in a process called

A

Pruning

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6
Q

the organization of the brain is highly influenced by ___

A

experience

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7
Q

In the brain, ____ areas are one of the first to mature in early childhood

A

sensory

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8
Q

ability to register sensory info is called

A

sensation

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9
Q

use of sensory info and previous knowledge to make sense of stimuli

A

Perception

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10
Q

muscle mvt and sensory feedback - informs brain of the extent of mvt

A

Motor control

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11
Q

mental activities involved in comprehension of info and adaptation to environment

A

Cognition

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12
Q

First sense to develop in utero is ___

A

touch

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13
Q

middle and inner ears reach adult size by ___ weeks in utero

A

20 weeks

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14
Q

We do not know if ____ is activated in utero

A

vision

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15
Q

with birth, a baby’s sensory abilities ___

A

don’t really change

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16
Q

newborns have a hard time hearing because ___ and __

A

auditory cortex not mature; middle ear filled with fluid

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17
Q

for newborns, _____ levels of stimulus tend to work best

A

moderate

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18
Q

vocalizations are controlled by this part of the brain for neonates

A

brainstem

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19
Q

becoming used to a stimulus and ignoring in order to pay attention to NEW stuff

A

Habituation

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20
Q

selective attention starts showing up around

A

2 months

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21
Q

when does movement develop in utero?

A

7 weeks

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22
Q

when does isolated limb movement first appear in utero?

A

9 weeks

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23
Q

when does rotation start in utero?

A

10 weeks

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24
Q

most movement coordinations at birth are ___

A

reflexes

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25
Q

most reflexes can be manually controlled after year __

A

1

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26
Q

what is rooting?

A

moving mouth around to find food source

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27
Q

what physical action triggers the root reflex?

A

touching near the mouth/side of the face

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28
Q

what physical action triggers the suck reflex?

A

touching roof of baby’s mouth

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29
Q

premees can have a week sucking reflex because

A

sucking doesn’t develop in utero til 36 weeks

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30
Q

which neonatal reflex is known as the “fencing position”?

A

tonic neck

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31
Q

what physical action triggers the grasp reflex?

A

touching palm of hand or foot

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32
Q

what physical action triggers the step reflex?

A

holding baby above surface and supporting neck

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33
Q

the first sounds babies make are ____

A

reflexive/automatic

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34
Q

in babies, crying happens during ___ and ___, and gradually becomes ___

A

inhalation; exhalation; longer

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35
Q

QRN stands for

A

quasi-resonant nuclei

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36
Q

brief sound made by babies that is not during crying; significant nasality and oral closure, so somewhere between a vowel and a consonant

A

QRN

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37
Q

QRN with closure (complete or mostly) at back of mouth - almost a consonant

A

gooing

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38
Q

when do babies start gooing and cooing?

A

2 months

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39
Q

this completely fills the oral cavity in infants

A

tongue

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40
Q

series of repeated CV combos

A

babbling

41
Q

when does babbling begin?

A

5 months

42
Q

strings of CV combos - consonants stay the same

A

reduplicated babbling

43
Q

babbling where successive syllables not identical - vowels change

A

variegated babbling

44
Q

PCF stand for

A

Phonetically Consistent Forms

45
Q

what is a PCF

A

nonwords that are placeholders for real words

46
Q

first word usually corresponds with this physiological change

A

improved control and coordination of jaw and tongue

47
Q

NAME THAT MONTH

-responsive to caregiver’s voice and face
-Smiling
-Pre-intentional communication = requires interpretation by caregivers

A

0-1

48
Q

NAME THAT MONTH - EMOTIONS

Interest, distress, disgust

A

0-1

49
Q

NAME THAT MONTH

Different response to familiar vs unfamiliar voices
Cooing increases with attention
Speech and engagement

A

1-2

50
Q

How long does it take for a baby’s communication to be intentional? (Doesn’t always require interpretation?)

A

6 months

51
Q

NAME THAT MONTH - EMOTIONS

Joy, fear

A

1-2 months

52
Q

NAME THAT MONTH

Can visually distinguish between faces
Mirroring caregiver excitement
Stimulus-response sequence (cause-affect)

A

2-3 months

53
Q

NAME THAT MONTH - EMOTIONS

Anger, sadness, surprise

A

3-4 months

54
Q

NAME THAT MONTH

Turn-taking
Deliberate imitation of movement of and vocalization
Vocalization of different attitudes
More interest in objects

A

4-6 months

55
Q

NAME THAT MONTH

More control over infant-caregiver interactions
Distress when caregiver leaves
Imitating simple monster actions (ie wave)
Following pointing
Goal-based communication

A

7-12

56
Q

infant’s smile in response to external stimulus

A

Social smile

57
Q

two+ people share common focus on one entity

A

joint reference

58
Q

gesture made to share information

A

Protodeclarative

59
Q

gestures made to request something

A

Protoimperative

60
Q

In this stage of intentionality, the speaker’s partner interprets their wants

A

Perlocutionary

61
Q

In this stage of intentionality, the speaker communicates wants through gestures

A

Illocutionary

62
Q

In this stage of intentionality, the speaker communicates wants through words

A

Locutionary

63
Q

The perlocutionary stages lasts this span of months

A

0-8

64
Q

The illocutionary stage lasts this span of months

A

8-12

65
Q

The locutionary stage lasts this span of months

A

12+

66
Q

Six techniques caregivers use to create opportunities for children to learn/participate

A

1) phasing
2) adaptive
3) facilitative
4) elaborative
5) initiating
6) control

67
Q

CAREGIVER TECHNIQUES

waiting of the opportune moment

A

phasing

68
Q

CAREGIVER TECHNIQUES

adjusts behavior so easier for child to get (ie slower movements, exaggerated gestures, simple words)

A

adaptive

69
Q

CAREGIVER TECHNIQUES

makes environment accessible to child either directly (ie carrying kid around) or indirectly (ie puts favorite toys out)

A

Facilitative

70
Q

CAREGIVER TECHNIQUES

yes-and-ing a child’s interest

A

Elaborative

71
Q

CAREGIVER TECHNIQUES

pointing and checking to see if the kid has latched to the idea

A

Initiating

72
Q

CAREGIVER TECHNIQUES

instructing (ie, telling kid to eat)

A

control

73
Q

4 types of modifications caregivers do to prime child for communication time

A

1) preparatory
2) state-setting
3) communication framework
4) infantlike modifications of adult actions

74
Q

When it comes to priming a child for communication, what is preparation?

A

making sure child’s basic needs taken care of (hunger, mood, etc)

75
Q

When it comes to priming a child for communication, what is state-setting?

A

manipulate infant’s environment to optimize interaction (ie gaining attention by coming to kid, making noises)

76
Q

When it comes to priming a child for communication, what is maintaining a communication framework?

A

keeping kid engaged - modulate speech, use rhythm in speech, bob around

77
Q

When it comes to priming a child for communication, what is infantlike modifications of adult actions?

A

IDS, baby movements

78
Q

communicative use of interpersonal space

A

Proxemics

79
Q

Four phases of joint referencing

A

Mastering
Intention to Communicate
Gestures and Vocalization
Naming and Topicalization

80
Q

delays in joint referencing can be a sign of

A

autism

81
Q

JOINT REFERENCE

What is common age range a child spends in Mastering?

A

4 weeks - 6 months

82
Q

JOINT REFERENCE

What is common age range a child spends in Intention to Communicate?

A

7-8 months

83
Q

JOINT REFERENCE

What is common age range a child spends in Gestures and Vocalization?

A

8-12 months

84
Q

JOINT REFERENCE

What is common age range a child spends in Naming and Topicalization?

A

12 months plus

85
Q

JOINT REFERENCE

In the mastering phase, caregiver-child interactions go from __ to __ interactions to responding directly to an ___

A

face to face; object

86
Q

in the 5-7 month range, conversations between caregivers and children switch between being ___-based to being ___-based

A

feelings; activity

87
Q

JOINT REFERENCE

In phase two, the child goes from interacting with an object ____ to engaging the caregiver to ___ with the object

A

alone; assisting

88
Q

JOINT REFERENCE

reaching for an object is also called

A

reach for real

89
Q

JOINT REFERENCE

reaching for something but expecting assistance

A

reach for signal

90
Q

JOINT REFERENCE

In phase 3, the child begins to use ___ and ___

A

pointing; vocalizations

91
Q

vocal interactions between infants and caregivers that lay groundwork for language-based conversations later

A

Protoconversations

92
Q

which gene is associated with intellectual disabilities and/or autism?

A

FOXP1

93
Q

which gene is associated with verbal dyspraxia?

A

FOXP2

94
Q

which gene is associated with specific language impairment (SLI)

A

CNTNAP2

95
Q

what physical action triggers the phasic bite reflex?

A

putting pressure on the gums

96
Q

reflex where infant opens and closes jaw w/o lateral mvt

A

phasic bite

97
Q

non-distress vowel sounds

A

Cooing

98
Q

imitation of another speaker

A

Echolalia

99
Q

long strings of nonsense with adult-like prosody and intonation

A

Jargon

Communication Development and Language Science (13 decks)

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