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Communication Development and Language Science > Language Theories > Flashcards

Language Theories Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a language theory

A

Theoretical views on how and why language is acquired

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2
Q

which person is associated with nativist theory?

A

Noam Chomsky

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3
Q

which person is associated with behavioral theory?

A

B.F. Skinner

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4
Q

which person is associated with cognitivist theory?

A

jean piaget

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5
Q

which person is associated with social constructivist theory?

A

lev vygotsky

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6
Q

what are the 5 primary language development theories?

A

BLICS

1) nativist generative theory
2) interactionalist theory
3) behavioral learning theory
4) cognitivist learning theory
5) social constructivist learning theory

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7
Q

In this learning theory, language acquisition is mostly determined by biology with little environmental impact

A

nativist

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8
Q

in the nativist theory, language acquisition is done via __ __ __

A

Transformational Generative Grammar

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9
Q

What are the three elements of transformational generative grammar?

A

Structures

1) deep structure - universal rules to all languages housed in deep structure
2) transformations - transformational rules used to produce unlimited number of word order rules
3) surface structure - transformations lead here (work order and grammar)

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10
Q

what are five criticisms of nativist theory?

A

1) none of the models explain language acquisition
2) generative theories based on adult grammar, not child grammar
3) there is evidence kids benefit from grammar when learning language
4) there is evidence environment does matter
5) there are industries (SLPs etc) built on the idea that language guidance works

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11
Q

which language theory has deep structure, transformations and surface structure?

A

nativist

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12
Q

which language theory involves a Language Acquisition Device (LAD) in the brain?

A

nativist

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13
Q

what are the two branches of interactionalist theory?

A

emergentism and constructionism

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14
Q

what is child-directed speech?

A

the specific way adults speak to children

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15
Q

which theory has child directed speech (CDS)?

A

interactionalist

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16
Q

which branch of interactionalist theory focuses on the combination between cognitive and environmental roles, and talks about the acquisition of grammar gradually over time?

A

emergentism

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17
Q

which branch of interactionalist theory focuses on children learning language via pattern-finding?

A

constructionism

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18
Q

what are two criticisms of interactionalist theory?

A

1) language development not fully explained
2) explains individual differences but not similarities in language development across children

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19
Q

According to behavioral theory, what is the difference between language and speech?

A

Language is a verbal environment, speech is verbal behavior

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20
Q

This language theory is all about reinforcement and consequences

A

behavioral

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21
Q

which theory involves chaining?

A

behavioral

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22
Q

in this theory, children are passive learners and instead the environment does the heavy lifting

A

behavioral

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23
Q

the preceding tactics “discriminative, delta and aversive” are hallmarks of the ____ theory

A

behaviorist

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24
Q

in this preceding behaviorist tactic, the caregiver reminds the child about the reinforcement that will follow behavior

A

discriminative

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25
Q

in this preceding behaviorist tactic, the caregiver lays out that reinforcement will not happen if the response is not correct

A

delta

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26
Q

in this preceding behaviorist tactic, the caregiver reminds the child that unpleasant consequences will follow if the right response is not given

A

aversive

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27
Q

in this language theory, language is a performative phenomenon

A

behaviorist

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28
Q

Types of response targets in behaviorist theory

A

ATIME

Autoclitic
Tact
Intraverbal
Mand
Echoic

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29
Q

In this response target, the caregiver gives repetitions of the word

A

echoic

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30
Q

In this response target, the caregiver helps the child by providing visual representation for a word

A

tact

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31
Q

In this response target, the child makes a demand

A

mand

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32
Q

what are 3 critiques of behaviorist theory?

A

1) parents aren’t always good models
2) imitation doesn’t explain generative grammar
3) imitation reduces after two years

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33
Q

this theory is less about language acquisition and more about learning in general

A

cognitivist

34
Q

In this theory, the learner is an active participant, and learning is based on their own interpretation and the meaning they derive from experiences

A

cognitivist

35
Q

according to this theory, changes in behavior indicate changes within the thought process

A

cognitivist

36
Q

according to this theory, learning takes place because of stimuli and the following cognitive processing

A

cognitivist

37
Q

the two main assumptions of the cognitivist theory are:

A

1) memory is an active and organized processor
2) prior knowledge is important in the role of learning

38
Q

according to this theory, learning is a change in knowledge and behavior

A

cognitivist

39
Q

this learning theory involves adaptation, organization and equilibrium

A

cognitivist

40
Q

according to piaget, the two processes for change are:

A

adaptation and organization

41
Q

the two subcategories of adaptation are

A

assimilation
accommodation

42
Q

according to cognitivist theory, what is assimilation?

A

integrating info into existing scheme

43
Q

according to cognitivist theory, what is accommodation?

A

creating or modifying new schemes

44
Q

according to cognitivist theory, what is organization process?

A

making processes into systems

45
Q

according to piaget, what is equilibrium?

A

cognitive balance between incoming info and child’s cognitive schemes

46
Q

what are the four developmental stages, according to cognitivist theory?

A

sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operations
formal operations

47
Q

according to cognitivist theory, what age range is sensorimotor and what does it entail?

A

0-2
Focused on present
egotistical perspective
using senses to explore world

48
Q

according to cognitivist theory, what age range is preoperational and what does it entail?

A

2-7
Rapid language development
classify objects based on one feature
use representational systems

49
Q

according to cognitivist theory, what age range is concrete operations and what does it entail?

A

7-11
learning to read and write
classify objects using several features
can understand numbers
having objects on hand still necessary for solving problems

50
Q

according to cognitivist theory, what age range is formal operations and what does it entail

A

11+
Think via symbols
can reason
able to think about past, present and future
can draw conclusion and make predictions

51
Q

what are two arguments against cognitivist theory?

A

1) stages of dev aren’t exactly right or as fixed
2) doesn’t explain role of impact of social learning

52
Q

In this theory, social learning precedes development

A

social constructivist

53
Q

in this theory, children learn via a more knowledgeable model

A

social constructivist

54
Q

this language theory proports that language learning is a combination between innate abilities, self-directed exploration, culture and environment

A

social constructivist

55
Q

this language recognizes that cognitive development can proceed differently between children

A

social constructivist

56
Q

According to this theory, one of the primary uses of language is to mediate social events

A

social constructivist

57
Q

this language theory uses the Zone of Proximal Development

A

social constructivist

58
Q

distance between actual development level and level of of potential development in good social setting

A

Zone of Proximal Development

59
Q

In the social constructivist theory, caregivers use this method to support the learner with tools, instruction and activities

A

scaffolding

60
Q

in social constructivist theory, scaffolding is ___ and ___ over time

A

reduced; disposed of

61
Q

organized patterns used to process sensory info

A

Schemes

62
Q

which learning theory are schemes associated with

A

cognitivist

63
Q

According to Piaget, the reason biological and cognitive changes happen is because we are striving for

A

equilibrium

64
Q

Nativist vs constructionist - whose major focus is language structure?

A

nativist

65
Q

Nativist vs constructionist - whose major focus is language use?

A

interactionalist

66
Q

Nativist or constructionist - specific neural structures dedicated to language enable humans to learn, process and use language

A

nativist

67
Q

Nativist vs constructionist - language form and use result from complex human brains

A

constructionist

68
Q

Nativist vs constructionist - child learns language by learning specific rules

A

nativist

69
Q

Nativist vs constructionist - child uses language learning form that best accomplishes their social goals. Figure out rules through repeated use

A

constructionist

70
Q

Nativist vs constructionist - language is innate and universal language rules exist across languages

A

nativist

71
Q

Nativist vs constructionist - language universals do not exist

A

constructionist

72
Q

Nativist vs constructionist - child uses language input to deduce rules

A

nativist

73
Q

Nativist vs constructionist - child and context have dynamic relationship

A

constructionist

74
Q

Behaviorism, cognitivist, or social construction:

knowledge = behavioral responses or changes to environmental stimuli

A

behaviorism

75
Q

Behaviorism, cognitivist, or social construction:

knowledge systems = actively constructed by learners based on cognition

A

cognitivist

76
Q

Behaviorism, cognitivist, or social construction:

knowledge = constructed through social interactions with knowledge community

A

social constructivism

77
Q

Behaviorism, cognitivist, or social construction:

learning = passive absorption; parent repeats and reinforces

A

behaviorism

78
Q

Behaviorism, cognitivist, or social construction:

learning = active participant, assimilate and accommodate new info into preexisting schema

A

cognitive

79
Q

Behaviorism, cognitivist, or social construction:

learning = collaborative assimilation and accomodation

A

social constructivism

80
Q

Behaviorism, cognitivist, or social construction:

motivation for learning = not about learner; reinforcement of desired behavior

A

behaviorism

81
Q

Behaviorism, cognitivist, or social construction:

motivation for learning = intrinsic to learner striving for equilibrium

A

cognitive

82
Q

Behaviorism, cognitivist, or social construction:

motivation for learning = learners have both cognitive and social needs

A

social constructivism

Communication Development and Language Science (13 decks)

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