Literacy Flashcards
Like speech, literacy involves ___ and ___
comprehension; expression
One indicator for future literacy skills is
language/speech abilities in early years
Six factors influencing literacy skills
G the Sheep
Genetics
Environment
Socio-economic status
Experience with language
Preschool - whether or not they went
Health
Two important aspects of reading
decoding and comprehension
IN LITERACY
This reading method broadly has to do with phonological awareness
Decoding
IN LITERACY
This reading method broadly has to do with language knowledge
Comprehension
Breaking up word into component sounds, blending them into a recognizable word, and word interpretation based on grammar, word meanings and context
Decoding
knowledge of sounds, sound structure and syllables of given words
Phonological Awareness
ability to manipulate sounds
Phonemic awareness
creating word from individual sounds and syllables
Blending
dividing words into its parts
Segmentation
Factors that affect phonological awareness in preschool years
Socioec background
Speech sound accuracy
Vocab
organizing units for sounds
Syllables
two parts of a syllable
onset and rime
Two parts of a rime
nucleus and coda
two main types of reading processes
bottom-up
top-down
Readers tend to go from __ to __ processing
bottom-up; top-down
Bottom-up reading starts from figuring out the __ and __ of the writing. Top-down reading starts from figuring out the ___
morphemes; phonemes; meaning
ability to read quickly and precisely
Reading Fluency
Three factors that can influence reading comprehension
Speech skills
Cognition
Family struggles with language
Word identification __ get directly transferred to reading comprehension skills
doesn’t
3 literacy levels from least to most advanced
basic
critical
dynamic
In this reading comprehension level, the reader is primarily concerned with decoding
basic
In this reading comprehension level, the reader actively interprets, analyzes and synthesizes
critical
In this reading comprehension level, the reader relates content across multiple texts, compares and contrasts, integrates ideas for problem solving
dynamic
smallest writing unit of a language; some say it’s a letter, some say it’s a letter that can mark the difference between words, some say corresponds to particular phonemes
Grapheme
What is the first phase of literacy and how long does it last?
emerging, 0-6
NAME THAT AGE - LITERACY
caregiver models reading, book is a thing like any other thing
1
NAME THAT AGE - LITERACY
caregiver reads to child, child can begin to show sound awareness
2
NAME THAT AGE - LITERACY
most children can recognize their fav books, rudimentary print skills, knows the direction the letters go, etc
3
NAME THAT AGE - LITERACY
can recognize names, few memorized words, start to pay attention to internal structure of words, can detect syllables and rimes
4
NAME THAT AGE - LITERACY
alphabet phase (learn the alphabet), know letter names, start to learn vowels and consonants, guessing to read. As they age, start learning phonics; a lot of cognition used for decoding
Age 5-6 (K-1)
NAME THAT GRADE - LITERACY
competent reader via graphemic, syllabic and word knowledge
Age 7-8 (2nd)
NAME THAT GRADE - LITERACY
reading is fluent, starting to read to learn instead of learning to read
3rd-4th grade
NAME THAT GRADE - LITERACY
emphasis on reading comprehension - scanning rate continues to increase
4th-8th
NAME THAT GRADE - LITERACY
focus on inference and recognition of point of view
High school
NAME THAT GRADE - LITERACY
able to integrate reading into current knowledge and make critical judgment about material
college
What happens during the emergence phase of literacy?
Awareness of print and sounds, gradually developing association between two
Children first recognize words by
the first and last letters of a word
sound/letter relationship is known as
phonics
Children become silent readers by __ grade
3rd
What are five traits of mature reading?
AUTO - Automatic processing of printed words
EXP - Use of language and experiences to understand text
SUPEROBJECTIVE - Automatic monitoring of comprehension
PREDICTING - Predicting what comes next
ACTIVE - Reading is active - concepts formed and modified, details memorized and recalled, info is verified
representation of phonemes with letters
Writing
info stored in memory that tells us how to represent spoken language into written form
Orthographic knowledge
Two parts of orthographic knowledge
Mental graphemic representations
Orthographic patterns
Part of orthographic knowledge - memories for spelling
mental graphemic representations
Part of orthographic knowledge - rules of morphemes and phonics
Orthographic patterns
Mature writing happens by this age
Sometimes never (ha, tricked you!)
Originally speech and writing treated as separate systems. __ is more developed and complex at first, and eventually switches with __
speech; writing
of words explicitly taught in elementary school
4K
Caregivers can __ and __ to aid a child’s reading development
model; give feedback
knowledge letters and words, ability to ID some letters by name, knowledge way in which words progress through book
Print awareness
Development of reading fluency depends on these six factors
-Phonological awareness
-Visual perception
-Knowledge of orthographic representation
-Word recognition and speed of retrieval
-Access to language
-Higher language and conceptual knowledge
in this info processing model, you start with deriving meaning, then predict what comes next
top-down
in this info processing model, you start with analyzing and figuring out graphemes, then using that to construct words
bottom-up
