Intro (includes morphemes) Flashcards
the exchange of info/ideas between 2+ people
communication
speech and language are parts of ____
communication
degree of success in communicating, measured by appropriateness and effectiveness of message
Communicative competence
what are the five steps of communication?
TETDU
1) sender thinks of concept
2) encodes linguistically
3) transmits
4) receiver decodes
5) receiver understands concept
this type of extralinguistic has to do with pitch, speed, emotions, etc
paralinguistic
this type of extralinguistic deals with analyzing language outside of communication
metalinguistic
this type of extralinguistic has to do with body language and physical distance
nonlinguistic
communication has both _____ (outside of language) and _____ (language-based) components
extralinguistic; linguistic
what are the three components of linguistics?
form
content
use
___ has to do with the syntax, morphology and phonology of language
form
___ has to do with the meaning or semantics of language
content
____ has to do with the pragmatic/social parts of language
use
socially shared written or other communication symbol system; has rules and symbols
language
socially shared code for representing concepts through symbols and the rules that determine how they’re combined
language
in which organ is language housed?
brain
the rules that define how sounds are used in a language
phonology
the rules of the internal structure of words
morphology
the rules around word order/ how a sentence is structured/grammar
syntax
smallest linguistic unit of sound that signal difference in meaning when modified
Phoneme (aka IPA symbols)
smallest grammatical unit; can’t be divided (ie - child)
Morpheme
a morpheme is complete on its own (ie cat)
free
a morpheme that needs another morpheme to make meaning
bound (ie “-s” in cats)
two types of bound morphemes
derivational; inflectional
of the bound morphemes, ____ can be both ____ and ___
derivational; suffixes; prefixes
of the bound morphemes, ____ can only be ____
inflectional; suffixes
____ go before a free morpheme and ____ go after
prefixes; suffixes
this type of bound morpheme can changes class the word is in (verb, adverb, etc)
derivational
this type of bound morpheme makes the free morpheme more specific (ie played vs play)
inflectional
what are the five language domains
PMS (repeat the P and the S)
1) phonology
2) morphology
3) syntax
4) semantics
5) pragmatics
two elements of content
semantic features
selection restrictions
what is a semantic feature?
association or definition we have with a word (ie elderly = old + person)
what is a selection restriction?
rules about certain words not being paired together (ie cold flame)
rules associated with language in conversation and broader social situations
pragmatics
what are the six prerequisites for a language?
GRRADS
1) is a social tool
2) has rules
3) is generative
4) is reflexive
5) can use displacement
6) symbols/words are arbitrary
Word for the verbal means of communication
speech
what are the 5 bodily systems involved in speech?
respiratory
resonatory
phonatory
articulatory
nervous
what are the four main speech parameters?
articulation
voice
fluency
resonance
psychomotor changes can be defined as ____
development
Language development is best when language is __, __ and __
accessible, interactive and abundant
all of the domains of language bow before ____, which according to the book determines how the rest act
pragmatics
this language domain has to do with the meaning of words, word association, antonyms, etc
semantics
a ____ comes before the main morpheme
prefix
a ____ comes after the main morpheme
suffix
-ly and un- are examples of ____ bound morphemes
derivational
-s, -‘s, -ing are examples of ____ bound morphemes
inflectional
4 components of communication
1) paralinguistic
2) metalinguistic
3) nonlinguistic
4) linguistic
communicative use of interpersonal space
proxemics
paralinguistic mechanisms superimposed on verbal signal to change form and meaning
suprasegmental
which language domain(s) fall under form?
1) phonology
2) syntax
3) morphology
which language domain(s) fall under content
Semantics
which language domain(s) fall under use?
Pragmatics
SPEECH PARAMETERS
Formation of clear, distinct speech sounds with help of articulators and other systems
Articulation
SPEECH PARAMETERS
Air modified through action of vocal cords - loudness, pitch, quality
Voice
SPEECH PARAMETERS
Fluidity of speech; rate, continuity, rhythm, effort
Fluency
SPEECH PARAMETERS
Change resulting from airflow passing through resonators
Resonance
